8-K
CO false 0001670076 --12-31 0001670076 2021-04-06 2021-04-06

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 8-K

 

 

CURRENT REPORT

PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of report (Date of earliest event reported): April 6, 2021

 

 

Frontier Group Holdings, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   001-40304   46-3681866

(State or Other Jurisdiction

of Incorporation)

 

(Commission

File Number)

 

(IRS Employer

Identification No.)

 

4545 Airport Way
Denver, CO 80239
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(720) 374-4200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not applicable

(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)

 

 

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

 

Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425).

 

Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12).

 

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)).

 

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)).

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

 

Trading

Symbols

 

Name of each exchange

on which registered

Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share   ULCC   The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

 

 

 


Item 1.01.

Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.

On April 6, 2021, Frontier Group Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) closed its initial public offering (“IPO”) of 15,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), at an offering price of $19.00 per share, pursuant to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-254004), as amended (the “Registration Statement”). The Company sold 15,000,000 shares and certain existing stockholders sold an aggregate of 19,500,000 shares, including 4,500,000 shares that were sold pursuant to the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares.

In connection with the IPO, the Company entered into the Registration Rights Agreement, dated April 6, 2021, by and between the Company and Indigo Frontier Holdings Company, LLC (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 4.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.

The terms of the Registration Rights Agreement are substantially the same as the terms set forth in the form of such agreement filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and as described therein. Indigo Frontier Holdings Company, LLC is our controlling stockholder. For further information, see “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” in the Prospectus.

 

Item 5.03.

Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.

On April 6, 2021, the Company filed an Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) and the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”) became effective on such date. The Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws are filed herewith as Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2, respectively, and are incorporated herein by reference. The terms of the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws are substantially the same as the terms set forth in the forms previously filed as Exhibits 3.2 and 3.4, respectively, to the Registration Statement.

Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d)    Exhibits.

 

Exhibit
No.

  

Description

3.1    Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Frontier Group Holdings, Inc.
3.2    Amended and Restated Bylaws of Frontier Group Holdings, Inc.
4.1    Registration Rights Agreement, dated April 6, 2021, by and among Frontier Group Holdings, Inc. and Indigo Frontier Holdings Company, LLC.
104    Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)


SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 

FRONTIER GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
By:  

/s/ James Dempsey

Name:   James Dempsey
Title:   Chief Financial Officer

Date: April 6, 2021

EX-3.1

Exhibit 3.1

AMENDED AND RESTATED

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

OF

FRONTIER GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.

Frontier Group Holdings, Inc. (the “Corporation”), a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (as the same exists or may hereafter be amended, the “DGCL”), does hereby certify as follows:

1. The name of the Corporation is Frontier Group Holdings, Inc. The original Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on September 11, 2013 under the original name Falcon Acquisition Group, Inc.

2. This Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation has been duly adopted by the Corporation’s Board of Directors and stockholders in accordance with Sections 242 and 245 of the DGCL and by the written consent of its stockholders in accordance with Section 228 of the DGCL.

3. The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

ARTICLE I

NAME

The name of the corporation is Frontier Group Holdings, Inc. (the “Corporation”).

ARTICLE II

REGISTERED OFFICE AND AGENT

The address of the Corporation’s registered office in the State of Delaware is 1209 Orange Street in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware 19801. The name of its registered agent at such address is The Corporation Trust Company.

ARTICLE III

PURPOSE AND DURATION

The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (as the same exists or may hereafter be amended, the “DGCL”). The Corporation is to have a perpetual existence.


ARTICLE IV

CAPITAL STOCK

Section 1. Authorized Shares. The total number of shares of stock which the Corporation is authorized to issue is 910,000,000 shares, of which 750,000,000 shares shall be shares of voting common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Voting Common Stock”), 150,000,000 shares shall be shares of non-voting common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Non-Voting Common Stock,” and together with the Voting Common Stock, the “Common Stock”), and 10,000,000 shares shall be shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”).

Section 2. Preferred Stock. Shares of Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series, each of such series to have such terms as stated in the resolution or resolutions providing for the creation and issuance of such series adopted by the Board of Directors of the Corporation as hereinafter provided. Authority is hereby expressly granted to the Board of Directors of the Corporation to issue, from time to time, shares of Preferred Stock in one or more series, and, in connection with the creation of any such series, by adopting a resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of the shares thereof and by filing a certificate of designation relating thereto in accordance with the DGCL (a “Certificate of Designation”), to determine and fix the number of shares of such series and such voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers, and such designations, preferences and relative participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including without limitation thereof, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences as shall be stated and expressed in such resolutions, and to increase (but not above the total number of authorized shares of such series) or decrease (but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding) the number of shares of any series, all to the fullest extent now or hereafter permitted by the DGCL. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the resolution or resolutions providing for the creation and issuance of any series of Preferred Stock may provide that such series shall be superior or rank equally or be junior to any other series of Preferred Stock to the extent permitted by law and this Certificate of Incorporation (including any Certificate of Designation) (this “Certificate of Incorporation”). Except as otherwise required by law, holders of any series of Preferred Stock shall be entitled only to such voting rights, if any, as shall expressly be granted thereto by this Certificate of Incorporation.

Subject to the rights and preferences, if any, of any holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock, the number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon, irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the DGCL.

Section 3. Common Stock. Except as stated in this Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of shares of Common Stock shall have such rights as are set forth in the DGCL:

 

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(a) Conversion. Each share of Non-Voting Common Stock shall be convertible, at the option of the holder thereof at any time and from time to time, into one fully paid and non-assessable share of Voting Common Stock, subject to any restrictions on ownership and control of voting stock by Non-Citizens as set forth in this Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws. Such right shall be exercised by the surrender to the Corporation of the certificate or certificates, if any, representing the shares of Non-Voting Common Stock to be converted at any time during normal business hours at the office of the Corporation’s transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”), accompanied by a written notice from the holder of such shares stating that such holder desires to convert such shares, or a stated number of the shares represented by such certificate or certificates, if any, into an equal number of shares of Voting Common Stock, and (if so required by the Transfer Agent) by instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Transfer Agent, duly executed by such holder or such holder’s duly authorized attorney-in-fact, and transfer tax stamps or funds therefor if required pursuant to this Section 3(a) of Article IV. To the extent permitted by law, such conversion shall be deemed to have been effected at the close of business on the date of such surrender. Subject to the last sentence of Section 3(c) of this Article IV, immediately upon conversion of shares of Non-Voting Common Stock, the rights of the holders of shares of Non-Voting Common Stock as such shall cease, and such holders shall be treated for all purposes as having become the record holder or holders of such shares of Voting Common Stock. The issuance of certificates, if any, for shares of Voting Common Stock upon conversion of shares of Non-Voting Common Stock shall be made without charge to the holders of such shares for any stamp or other similar tax in respect of such issuance; provided, however, that if any such certificate is to be issued in a name other than that of the holder of the share or shares of Non-Voting Common Stock converted, then the individual, entity or other person requesting the issuance thereof shall pay to the Corporation the amount of any tax that may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in such issuance or shall establish to the satisfaction of the Corporation that such tax has been paid or is not payable.

(b) Voting. Except as otherwise provided herein or expressly required by law, the holders of Voting Common Stock, as such, shall be entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted on by the stockholders of the Corporation, and the holders of Non-Voting Common Stock, as such, shall have no right to vote on any matters to be voted on by the stockholders of the Corporation. Except as otherwise required by law, holders of Common Stock, as such, shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to this Certificate of Incorporation that relates solely to the rights, powers, preferences (or the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof) or other terms of one or more outstanding series of Preferred Stock if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation or pursuant to the DGCL.

Subject to the rights and preferences, if any, of any holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock, the number of authorized shares of Common Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon, irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the DGCL.

 

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(c) Dividends. Subject to applicable law and the rights and preferences of any holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock, the holders of Voting Common Stock and the holders of Non-Voting Common Stock shall be entitled to share equally, on a per-share basis, in such dividends of cash, property or shares of stock of the Corporation as may be declared by the Board of Directors from time to time with respect to the Common Stock out of assets or funds of the Corporation legally available therefor; provided, however, that (i) if dividends are declared and paid in shares of Common Stock, the dividends payable to holders of Voting Common Stock shall be payable in Voting Common Stock, and the dividends payable to the holders of Non-Voting Common Stock shall be payable in Non-Voting Common Stock, and (ii) if the dividends are declared and paid in other voting securities of the Corporation, the Corporation shall pay to each holder of Voting Common Stock dividends consisting of voting securities and shall pay to each holder of Non-Voting Common Stock dividends consisting of non-voting securities (except as otherwise required by law) of the Corporation which are otherwise identical to the voting securities of the Corporation so declared and paid on the Voting Common Stock. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the date on which any share of Non-Voting Common Stock is converted into Voting Common Stock pursuant to Section 3(a) of this Article IV is after the record date for the determination of the holders of Non-Voting Common Stock entitled to receive any dividend and prior to the date on which such dividend is to be paid to such holders, the holder of the Voting Common Stock issued upon the conversion of such converted share of Non-Voting Common Stock will be entitled to receive such dividend on such payment date; provided, however, that to the extent that such dividend is payable in shares of Non-Voting Common Stock, no such shares of Non-Voting Common Stock shall be issued in payment thereof, and such dividend shall instead be paid by the issuance of such number of shares of Voting Common Stock into which such shares of Non-Voting Common Stock, if issued, would have been convertible on such payment date.

(d) Liquidation, Dissolution, etc. Subject to the rights and preferences, if any, of any holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock, in the event of a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Corporation, the holders of Voting Common Stock and the holders of Non-Voting Common Stock shall be entitled to share equally, on a per-share basis, in all assets of the Corporation of whatever kind available for distribution to the holders of Common Stock.

(e) Subdivision or Combination. If the Corporation in any manner subdivides or combines the outstanding shares of one class of Common Stock, the outstanding shares of the other class of Common Stock will be subdivided or combined in the same manner.

(f) Equal Status. Except as expressly provided in this Article IV, shares of Voting Common Stock and Non-Voting Common Stock shall have the same rights and privileges and rank equally, share ratably and be identical in all respect as to all matters. In any merger, consolidation, reorganization or other business combination, the consideration received per share by the holders of the Voting Common Stock and the holders of the Non-Voting Common Stock in such merger, consolidation, reorganization or other business combination shall be identical; provided, however, that if such consideration consists, in whole or in part, of shares of capital stock of, or other equity interests in, the Corporation or any other corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity, then the powers, designations, preferences and relative, common, participating, optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations and restrictions of such shares of capital stock or other equity interests may differ to the extent that the powers, designations, preferences and relative,

 

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common, participating, optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations and restrictions of the Voting Common Stock and Non-Voting Common Stock differ as provided herein (including, without limitation, with respect to the voting rights and conversion provisions hereof); and provided further, that, if the holders of the Voting Common Stock or the holders of the Non-Voting Common Stock are granted the right to elect to receive one of two or more alternative forms of consideration, the foregoing provision shall be deemed satisfied if holders of the other class are granted identical election rights. Any consideration to be paid to or received by holders of Voting Common Stock or holders of Non-Voting Common Stock pursuant to any employment, consulting, severance, non-competition or other similar arrangement approved by the Board of Directors, or any duly authorized committee thereof, shall not be considered to be “consideration received per share” for purposes of the foregoing provision, regardless of whether such consideration is paid in connection with, or conditioned upon the completion of, such merger, consolidation, reorganization or other business combination.

(g) No Preemptive or Subscription Rights. No holder of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to preemptive or subscription rights.

ARTICLE V

RESTRICTIONS ON OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL

Section 1. Limitations of Ownership by Non-Citizens. All shares of (i) Voting Common Stock, (ii) Non-Voting Common Stock, and (iii) Preferred Stock (collectively, “Equity Securities”) shall be subject to the following limitations:

(a) Non-Citizen Voting and Ownership Limitations. In no event shall persons or entities who fail to qualify as a “citizen of the United States,” as the term is defined in Section 40102(a)(15) of Subtitle VII of Title 49 of the United States Code, as amended, in any similar legislation of the United States enacted in substitution or replacement therefor, and as interpreted by the United States Department of Transportation, its predecessors and successors, from time to time (the “Applicable Law”), including any agent, trustee or representative of such persons or entities (collectively, the “Non-Citizens”), be entitled to own (beneficially or of record) and/or control Equity Securities representing in excess of (i) the percentage provided for under Applicable Law of the aggregate votes of all outstanding Equity Securities of the Corporation (the “Voting Limitation”) and (ii) the percentage provided for under Applicable Law of all outstanding Equity Securities of the Corporation (the “Outstanding Limitation”), in each case as more specifically set forth in the Bylaws of the Corporation. As of the effectiveness of the filing of this Certificate of Incorporation in connection with the Corporation’s initial underwritten public offering under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Effective Time”), and for informational purposes only, under Applicable Law, the Voting Limitation is 25.0%, and the Outstanding Limitation is 49.0% (the “Cap Amounts”).

 

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(b) Enforcement of Cap Amounts. Except as otherwise set forth in the Bylaws, the restrictions imposed by the Cap Amounts shall be applied to each Non-Citizen in reverse chronological order based upon the date of registration (or attempted registration in the case of the Outstanding Limitation) on the separate stock record maintained by the Corporation or any transfer agent for the registration of Equity Securities held by Non-Citizens (the “Foreign Stock Record”) or the stock transfer records of the Corporation. At no time shall the Equity Securities held by Non-Citizens be voted, unless such shares are registered on the Foreign Stock Record. In the event that Non-Citizens shall own (beneficially or of record) or have voting control over any Equity Securities, the voting rights of such persons shall be subject to automatic suspension to the extent required to ensure that the Corporation is in compliance with Applicable Law. In the event that any transfer of Equity Securities to a Non-Citizen would result in Non-Citizens owning (beneficially or of record) or controlling more than the Outstanding Limitation, such transfer shall be void and of no effect and shall not be recorded in the books and records of the Corporation. The Bylaws shall contain provisions to implement this Article V, including, without limitation, provisions restricting or prohibiting the transfer of Equity Securities to Non-Citizens if such transfer will result in Non-Citizens owning and/or controlling Equity Securities in excess of the Voting Limitation or the Outstanding Limitation and provisions restricting or removing voting rights as to Equity Securities owned or controlled by Non-Citizens. Any determination as to ownership, control or citizenship made by the Board of Directors shall be conclusive and binding as between the Corporation and any stockholder.

Section 2. Legend. Each certificate or other representative document for capital stock of the Corporation (including each such certificate or representative document for such capital stock issued upon any permitted transfer of capital stock) shall contain a legend related to the applicable limitation on ownership and/or control by Non-Citizens in substantially the form specified in the Bylaws.

ARTICLE VI

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Section 1. Powers of the Board. Except as otherwise provided by this Certificate of Incorporation or the DGCL, the business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. In addition to the powers and authority expressly conferred upon them by applicable law or by this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation, the directors are hereby empowered to exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as may be exercised or done by the Corporation, except for such powers, acts and things that are by the DGCL, this Certificate of Incorporation of the Bylaws of the Corporation required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

Section 2. Classification of the Board. Subject to the rights and preferences, if any, of any holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock to elect directors, the directors of the Corporation shall be classified with respect to the time for which they severally hold office into three classes, designated as Class I, Class II and Class III. The initial Class I directors shall serve for a term expiring at the first annual meeting of the stockholders following the time at which the initial classification of the Board becomes effective; the initial Class II directors shall serve for a term expiring at the second annual meeting of the stockholders following the time at which the initial classification of the Board becomes effective; and the initial Class III directors shall serve for a term

 

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expiring at the third annual meeting following the time at which the initial classification of the Board becomes effective. At each annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation beginning with the first annual meeting of stockholders following the time at which the initial classification of the Board becomes effective, subject to the rights and preferences, if any, of any holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock to elect directors, the successors of the class of directors whose term expires at that meeting shall be elected to hold office for a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders held in the third year following the year of their election. Each director shall hold office until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal. No decrease in the number of directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director. The Board of Directors is authorized to assign members of the Board of Directors already in office to Class I, Class II and Class III.

Section 3. Number of Directors. Subject to the rights and preferences, if any, of any holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock to elect directors, the number of directors which shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be no less than one and not more than fifteen members and be fixed exclusively by one or more resolutions adopted from time to time by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation, at least two-thirds of the members of the Board of Directors shall be “citizens of the United States” as provided under Applicable Law (as defined in Article V) and the Chairman of the Board shall be a “citizen of the United States” as provided under Applicable Law for so long as required by Applicable Law. If the number of Non-Citizens (as defined in Article V) serving on the Board of Directors at any time exceeds the limitations provided under Applicable Law, one or more directors who are Non-Citizens shall, in reverse chronological order based on their tenure of service on the Board, cease to be qualified as directors and shall automatically cease to be directors.

Section 4. Removal of Directors. Subject to the rights and preferences, if any, of any holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock to elect directors, (a) until such time as Indigo Frontier Holdings Company, LLC or any successor thereto by merger, consolidation, acquisition of all or substantially all assets or otherwise by operation of law or any of its Affiliates (as such term is defined in Rule 12b-2 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) (“Indigo”) ceases to beneficially own shares of Common Stock representing at least a majority of the voting power (“Indigo Control”) of all the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at an election of directors (the “Voting Stock”), the Board of Directors or any individual director may be removed from office at any time with or without cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the Voting Stock and (b) from and after such time as the Corporation is no longer under Indigo Control, the Board of Directors or any individual director may be removed from office at any time only for cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the Voting Stock.

 

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Section 5. Vacancies and Newly Created Directorships. Subject to the rights and preferences, if any, of any holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock to elect directors, any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal or other causes and any newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors shall, unless the Board determines by resolution that any such vacancies or newly created directorships shall be filled by stockholders, be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors, and not by the stockholders. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class for which the vacancy or newly created directorship was created or occurred and until such director’s successor shall have been elected and qualified, or until such director’s earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal.

Section 6. Preferred Directors. Whenever the holders of any one or more series of Preferred Stock issued by the Corporation shall have the right, voting separately as a series or separately as a class with one or more such other series, to elect directors pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation, then upon commencement and for the duration of the period during which such right continues: (i) the then otherwise total number of authorized directors of the Corporation shall automatically be increased by such specified number of directors, and the holders of such Preferred Stock shall be entitled to elect the additional directors so provided for or fixed pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation, and (ii) each such additional director shall serve until such director’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, or until such director’s right to hold such office terminates pursuant to said provisions, whichever occurs earlier, subject to his earlier death, disqualification, resignation or removal. Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Designation(s) in respect of one or more series of Preferred Stock, whenever the holders of any series of Preferred Stock having such right to elect additional directors are divested of such right pursuant to the provisions of such Certificate of Designation(s), the terms of office of all such additional directors elected by the holders of such series of Preferred Stock, or elected to fill any vacancies resulting from the death, resignation, disqualification or removal of such additional directors, shall forthwith terminate, such additional directors shall automatically cease to be qualified and the total authorized number of directors of the Corporation shall automatically be reduced accordingly.

Section 7. Bylaws. In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by statute, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to adopt, amend or repeal Bylaws of the Corporation. In addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of stock of the Corporation required by applicable law or by this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation, the adoption, amendment or repeal of the Bylaws of the Corporation by the stockholders of the Corporation shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of (a) a majority of the voting power of the Voting Stock while the Corporation is under Indigo Control and (b) from and after the time that the Corporation is no longer under Indigo Control, at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (6623%) of the voting power of the Voting Stock.

Section 8. Elections of Directors. Elections of directors need not be by written ballot unless the Bylaws of the Corporation shall so provide.

 

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Section 9. Officers. Except as otherwise expressly delegated by resolution of the Board of Directors, the Board of Directors shall have the exclusive power and authority to appoint and remove officers of the Corporation. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Certificate of Incorporation or the Corporation’s Bylaws, (a) the Chief Executive Officer, if any, and the President, and at least two-thirds of the other managing officers of the Corporation shall be “citizens of the United States,” as defined under Applicable Law (as defined above) for so long as such restrictions are required by Applicable Law (as defined in Article X below).

ARTICLE VII

STOCKHOLDERS

Section 1. Actions by Consent. Except as may be provided in a resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors providing for any series of Preferred Stock, any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation may be effected by an action by consent in lieu of a meeting with the approval of the holders of outstanding capital stock having not less than the minimum voting power that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares of capital stock entitled to vote thereon were present and voted; provided, that from and after the time that the Corporation is no longer under Indigo Control, any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation must be effected only at a duly called annual or special meeting of such stockholders and may not be effected by any consent in lieu of a meeting by such stockholders.

Section 2. Special Meetings of Stockholders. Subject to the rights and preferences, if any, of any holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock, special meetings of stockholders of the Corporation may be called at any time (a) by the Chair of the Board of Directors or by the Secretary of the Corporation upon direction of the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board of Directors or by the holders of a majority of the voting power of the Voting Stock while the Corporation is under Indigo Control and (b) from and after the time that the Corporation is no longer under Indigo Control, only by the Chair of the Board of Directors or by the Secretary of the Corporation upon direction of the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board of Directors, but such special meetings may not be called by any other person or persons.

Section 3. Meeting Location. Meetings of stockholders may be held within or without the State of Delaware, as the Bylaws of the Corporation may provide. The books of the Corporation may be kept outside the State of Delaware at such place or places as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors, or in the Bylaws of the Corporation.

Section 4. Advance Notice. Advance notice of stockholder nominations for the election of directors and of business to be brought by stockholders before any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be given in the manner provided in the Bylaws of the Corporation.

 

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ARTICLE VIII

LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION

Section 1. Director Limitation of Liability. No director of the Corporation shall have any personal liability to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted under the DGCL as the same exists or hereafter may be amended. Any amendment, repeal or modification of this Article VIII, or the adoption of any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation inconsistent with this Article VIII, shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the Corporation with respect to any act or omission occurring prior to such amendment, repeal, modification or adoption. If the DGCL is amended after approval by the stockholders of this Article VIII to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of a director of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL as so amended.

Section 2. Right to Indemnification.

(a) Directors and Officers. The Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any director or officer of the Corporation who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “Proceeding”) by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person for whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or, while serving as a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership (a “covered person”), joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any such Proceeding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise provided in Section 3 of this Article VIII, the Corporation shall be required to indemnify a person in connection with a Proceeding initiated by such person only if the Proceeding was authorized in the specific case by the Board.

(b) Others. The Corporation shall have the power to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any employee or agent of the Corporation who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any Proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person for whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was an employee or agent of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any such Proceeding.

Section 3. Prepayment of Expenses. The Corporation shall to the fullest extent not prohibited by applicable law pay the reasonable expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by any covered person, and may pay the expenses incurred by any employee or agent of the Corporation, in defending any Proceeding in advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that such payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of the Proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by the person to repay all amounts advanced if it should be ultimately determined that the person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article VIII or otherwise.

 

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Section 4. Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The rights conferred on any person by this Article VIII shall not be exclusive of any other rights which such person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws of the Corporation, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

Section 5. Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust enterprise or non-profit entity against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify him or her against such liability under the provisions of the DGCL.

Section 6. Other Indemnification. The Corporation’s obligation, if any, to indemnify or advance expenses to any person who was or is serving at its request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity shall be reduced by any amount such person may collect as indemnification or advancement of expenses from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit enterprise.

Section 7. Continuation of Indemnification. The Corporation’s obligation, if any, to indemnify or advance expenses to any person who was or is serving at its request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity shall be reduced by any amount such person may collect as indemnification or advancement of expenses from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit enterprise.

Section 8. Amendment or Repeal; Interpretation.

(a) The provisions of this Article VIII shall constitute a contract between the Corporation, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, each individual who serves or has served as a director or officer of the Corporation (whether before or after the Effective Time), in consideration of such person’s performance of such services, and pursuant to this Article VIII the Corporation intends to be legally bound to each such current or former director or officer of the Corporation. With respect to current and former directors and officers of the Corporation, the rights conferred under this Article VIII are present contractual rights and such rights are fully vested, and shall be deemed to have vested fully, immediately upon the Effective Time. With respect to any directors or officers of the Corporation who commence service following the Effective Time, the rights conferred under this provision shall be present contractual rights and such rights shall fully vest, and be deemed to have vested fully, immediately upon such director or officer commencing service as a director or officer of the Corporation. Any repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article VIII shall not adversely affect any right or protection (i) hereunder of any person in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification or (ii) under any agreement providing for indemnification or advancement of expenses to an officer or director of the Corporation in effect prior to the time of such repeal or modification.

 

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(b) Any reference to an officer of the Corporation in this Article IX shall be deemed to refer exclusively to the Chief Executive Officer, President, and Secretary, or other officer of the Corporation appointed by (x) the Board pursuant to the Bylaws of the Corporation ws or (y) an officer to whom the Board has delegated the power to appoint officers pursuant to the Bylaws of the Corporation, and any reference to an officer of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise shall be deemed to refer exclusively to an officer appointed by the board of directors (or equivalent governing body) of such other entity pursuant to the certificate of incorporation and bylaws (or equivalent organizational documents) of such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise. The fact that any person who is or was an employee of the Corporation or an employee of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise has been given or has used the title of “Vice President” or any other title that could be construed to suggest or imply that such person is or may be an officer of the Corporation or of such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise shall not result in such person being constituted as, or being deemed to be, an officer of the Corporation or of such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise for purposes of this Article VIII.

ARTICLE IX

DGCL SECTION 203

The Corporation shall not be governed by Section 203 of the DGCL (or any successor provision thereto), and the restrictions contained in Section 203 of the DGCL shall not apply to the Corporation, until immediately following the time at which both of the following conditions exist (if ever): (a) Section 203 of the DGCL by its terms would, but for the provisions of this Article IX, apply to the Corporation; and (b) Indigo does not beneficially own shares of Voting Stock representing at least fifteen percent (15%) of the voting power of all the then outstanding shares of Voting Stock, and the Corporation shall thereafter be governed by Section 203 of the DGCL if and for so long as Section 203 of the DGCL by its terms shall apply to the Corporation.

ARTICLE X

EXCLUSIVE FORUM

Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, the federal district court of the State of Delaware) shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim for or based on a breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer, other employee, agent or stockholder of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, including without limitation a claim alleging the

 

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aiding and abetting of such a breach of fiduciary duty, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation or any current or former director, officer, employee, agent or stockholder of the Corporation arising pursuant to any provision of the General Corporation Law or the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws or as to which the General Corporation Law confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or (iv) any action asserting a claim related to or involving the Corporation that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause or causes of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, including all causes of action asserted against any defendant to such complaint. For the avoidance of doubt, this provision is intended to benefit and may be enforced by the Corporation, its officers and directors, the underwriters to any offering giving rise to such complaint, and any other professional or entity whose profession gives authority to a statement made by that person or entity and who has prepared or certified any part of the documents underlying the offering.

Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Article.

Failure to enforce the foregoing provisions would cause the Corporation irreparable harm, and the Corporation shall be entitled to equitable relief, including injunctive relief and specific performance, to enforce the foregoing provisions.

This exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.

ARTICLE XI

AMENDMENT

The Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in this Certificate of Incorporation, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by statute, and all rights conferred upon stockholders herein are granted subject to this reservation. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation or any provision of law which might otherwise permit a lesser vote or no vote, but in addition to any affirmative vote of the holders of any particular class or series of the Voting Stock required by law or by the Bylaws of the Corporation or by this Certificate of Incorporation (or by any certificate of designation hereto), any alteration, amendment or repeal of Articles VI, VII, VIII, IX, XI or XII of this Certificate of Incorporation shall require the affirmative vote of (a) a majority of the voting power of the Voting Stock while the Corporation is under Indigo Control and (b) from and after the time that the Corporation is no longer under Indigo Control, at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (6623%) of the voting power of the Voting Stock.

 

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If any provision or provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any circumstance for any reason whatsoever: (i) the validity, legality and enforceability of such provisions in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation (including, without limitation, each portion of any paragraph of this Certificate of Incorporation containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, in any way be affected or impaired thereby and (ii) to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation (including, without limitation, each such portion of any paragraph of this Certificate of Incorporation containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to permit the Corporation to protect its directors, officers, employees and agents from personal liability in respect of their good faith service to or for the benefit of the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by law.

ARTICLE XII

CORPORATE OPPORTUNITIES

To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, each of Indigo (other than the Corporation and its subsidiaries), any of the Corporation’s non-employee directors who are employees, affiliates or consultants of Indigo or its affiliates (other than the Corporation or its subsidiaries) or any of their respective affiliates (each person described in this sentence, a “Specified Party”), have participated (directly or indirectly) in and may, and shall have no duty not to, continue to (A) participate (directly or indirectly) in venture capital, private equity or similar investments in other entities conducting business of any kind, nature or description (“Other Investments”) and (B) have interests in, participate with, aid and maintain seats on the boards of directors or similar governing bodies of Other Investments, in each case that may, are or will be competitive with the business of the Corporation and its subsidiaries or in the same or similar lines of business as the Corporation and its subsidiaries, or that could be suitable for the Corporation or its subsidiaries. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Corporation, on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries, renounces pursuant to Section 122(17) of the DGCL any interest or expectancy of the Corporation and its subsidiaries in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any such Other Investment or any business opportunities for such Other Investments that are from time to time presented to any Specified Party or are business opportunities in which a Specified Party participates or desires to participate, even if the Other Investment or business opportunity is one that the Corporation or its subsidiaries might reasonably be deemed to have pursued or had the ability or desire to pursue if granted the opportunity to do so, and each such Specified Party shall have no duty to communicate or offer any such Other Investment or business opportunity to the Corporation and, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, shall not be liable to the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries or any stockholder, including for breach of any fiduciary or other duty, as a director or officer or controlling stockholder or otherwise, and the Corporation shall indemnify each Specified Party against any claim that such Specified Party is liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for breach of any fiduciary duty, by reason of the fact that such Specified Party (a) participates in any such Other Investment or pursues or acquires any such business opportunity, (y) directs any such business

 

14


opportunity to another person or (z) fails to present any such Other Investment or business opportunity, or information regarding any such Other Investment or business opportunity, to the Corporation or its subsidiaries, unless, in the case of a Specified Party who is a director or officer of the Corporation, such business opportunity is expressly offered to such Specified Party in writing solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the Corporation.

Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Article XII, nor the adoption of any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation or the bylaws of the Corporation, nor, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any modification of law, shall eliminate, reduce or otherwise adversely affect any right or protection of any person granted pursuant hereto existing at, or arising out of or related to any event, act or omission that occurred prior to, the time of such amendment, repeal, adoption or modification (regardless of when any proceeding (or part thereof) relating to such event, act or omission arises or is first threatened, commenced or completed).

If any provision or provisions of this Article XII shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any circumstance for any reason whatsoever, (a) the validity, legality and enforceability of such provisions in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of this Article XII (including, without limitation, each portion of any paragraph of this Article XII containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and (b) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Article XII (including, without limitation, each such portion of any paragraph of this Article XII containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to permit the Corporation to protect its directors, officers, employees and agents from personal liability in respect of their good faith service to or for the benefit of the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.

This Article XII shall not limit any protections or defenses available to, or indemnification or advancement rights of, any director or officer of the Corporation under this Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws, applicable law or as may be set forth in individual indemnification agreements with such director or officer.

* * * *

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation on this 6th day of April, 2021.

 

FRONTIER GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
By:  

/s/ Barry L. Biffle

  Barry L. Biffle
  President and Chief Executive Officer

[Signature Page to Frontier Group Holdings, Inc.

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation]

EX-3.2

Exhibit 3.2

AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF

FRONTIER GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.

(a Delaware corporation)


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

         Page  

ARTICLE I - CORPORATE OFFICES

     1  

1.1

  REGISTERED OFFICE      1  

1.2

  OTHER OFFICES      1  

ARTICLE II - MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

     1  

2.1

  PLACE OF MEETINGS      1  

2.2

  ANNUAL MEETING      1  

2.3

  SPECIAL MEETING      1  

2.4

  ADVANCE NOTICE PROCEDURES FOR BUSINESS BROUGHT BEFORE A MEETING      2  

2.5

  ADVANCE NOTICE PROCEDURES FOR NOMINATIONS OF DIRECTORS      6  

2.6

  ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR VALID NOMINATION OF CANDIDATES TO SERVE AS DIRECTOR AND, IF ELECTED, TO BE SEATED AS DIRECTORS      8  

2.7

  NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDERS’ MEETINGS      10  

2.8

  QUORUM      10  

2.9

  ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE      10  

2.10

  CONDUCT OF BUSINESS      10  

2.11

  VOTING; ELECTION OF DIRECTORS      11  

2.12

  STOCKHOLDER ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING      11  

2.13

  RECORD DATE FOR STOCKHOLDER NOTICE; VOTING; GIVING CONSENTS      12  

2.14

  PROXIES      12  

2.15

  LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS ENTITLED TO VOTE      12  

2.16

  INSPECTORS OF ELECTION      13  

2.17

  DELIVERY TO THE CORPORATION      13  

ARTICLE III - DIRECTORS

     14  

3.1

  POWERS      14  

3.2

  NUMBER OF DIRECTORS      14  

3.3

  ELECTION, QUALIFICATION, CITIZENSHIP, AND TERM OF OFFICE OF DIRECTORS      14  

3.4

  RESIGNATION AND VACANCIES      14  

3.5

  PLACE OF MEETINGS; MEETINGS BY TELEPHONE      15  

3.6

  REGULAR MEETINGS      15  

3.7

  SPECIAL MEETINGS; NOTICE      15  

3.8

  QUORUM      16  

3.9

  BOARD ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING      16  

3.10

  FEES AND COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS      16  

3.11

  REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS      16  

ARTICLE IV - COMMITTEES

     16  

4.1

  COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS      16  

4.2

  COMMITTEE MINUTES      17  

4.3

  MEETINGS AND ACTION OF COMMITTEES      17  

4.4

  SUBCOMMITTEES      17  

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)

 

         Page  

ARTICLE V - OFFICERS

     18  

5.1

  OFFICERS      18  

5.2

  APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS      18  

5.3

  SUBORDINATE OFFICERS      18  

5.4

  REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS      18  

5.5

  VACANCIES IN OFFICES      18  

5.6

  REPRESENTATION OF SHARES OF OTHER CORPORATIONS      19  

5.7

  AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS      19  

5.8

  LIMITATIONS ON NON-CITIZENS AS OFFICERS      19  

ARTICLE VI - RECORDS AND REPORTS

     19  

6.1

  MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF RECORDS      19  

6.2

  INSPECTION BY DIRECTORS      19  

ARTICLE VII - GENERAL MATTERS

     19  

7.1

  EXECUTION OF CORPORATE CONTRACTS AND INSTRUMENTS      19  

7.2

  STOCK CERTIFICATES; PARTLY PAID SHARES      20  

7.3

  SPECIAL DESIGNATION ON CERTIFICATES      20  

7.4

  LOST CERTIFICATES      20  

7.5

  CONSTRUCTION; DEFINITIONS      20  

7.6

  DIVIDENDS      21  

7.7

  FISCAL YEAR      21  

7.8

  SEAL      21  

7.9

  TRANSFER OF STOCK      21  

7.10

  STOCK TRANSFER AGREEMENTS      21  

7.11

  REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS      22  

7.12

  WAIVER OF NOTICE      22  

ARTICLE VIII - NOTICE BY ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION

     22  

ARTICLE IX - INDEMNIFICATION

     23  

9.1

  INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS      23  

9.2

  INDEMNIFICATION OF OTHERS      23  

9.3

  PREPAYMENT OF EXPENSES      23  

9.4

  NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS      24  

9.5

  INSURANCE      24  

9.6

  OTHER INDEMNIFICATION      24  

9.7

  CONTINUATION OF INDEMNIFICATION      24  

9.8

  AMENDMENT OR REPEAL; INTERPRETATION      24  

ARTICLE X - LIMITATIONS OF OWNERSHIP BY NON-CITIZENS

     25  

10.1

  EQUITY SECURITIES      25  

10.2

  NON-U.S. CITIZEN VOTING AND OWNERSHIP LIMITATIONS      25  

 

ii


TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)

 

         Page  

10.3

  FOREIGN STOCK RECORD      26  

10.4

  REGISTRATION OF SHARES      26  

10.5

  CERTIFICATION OF SHARES      27  

10.6

  LEGEND      27  

 

ARTICLE XI—AMENDMENTS; WAIVERS

   28

ARTICLE XII—FORUM SELECTION

   28

 

 

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AMENDED AND RESTATED

BYLAWS OF

FRONTIER GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.

ADOPTED AS OF APRIL 6, 2021

ARTICLE I—CORPORATE OFFICES

1.1 REGISTERED OFFICE.

The registered office of Frontier Group Holdings, Inc. (the “Corporation”) shall be fixed in the Corporation’s certificate of incorporation, as the same may be amended from time to time (the “Certificate of Incorporation”).

1.2 OTHER OFFICES.

The Corporation’s board of directors (the “Board”) may at any time establish other offices at any place or places where the Corporation is qualified to do business.

ARTICLE II—MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

2.1 PLACE OF MEETINGS.

Meetings of stockholders shall be held at any place, within or outside the State of Delaware, designated by the Board. The Board may, in its sole discretion, determine that a meeting of stockholders shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication as authorized by Section 211(a)(2) of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”). In the absence of any such designation or determination, stockholders’ meetings shall be held at the Corporation’s principal executive office.

2.2 ANNUAL MEETING.

The Board shall designate the date and time of the annual meeting. At the annual meeting, directors shall be elected and other business properly brought before the meeting in accordance with Section 2.4 of this Article II may be transacted. The Corporation may postpone, reschedule or cancel any annual meeting of stockholders previously scheduled by the Board.

2.3 SPECIAL MEETING.

A special meeting of the stockholders may be called at any time by the Chair of the Board or by the Secretary of the Corporation upon direction of the Board pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board, but such special meetings may not be called by any other person or persons; provided, however, that notwithstanding the foregoing, until such time as Indigo Frontier Holdings Company, LLC, or any successor thereto by merger, consolidation, acquisition of all or substantially all assets or otherwise by operation of law or any of its Affiliates (as such term is defined in Rule 12b-2 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) (“Indigo”) ceases to beneficially own shares of Common Stock representing at least a majority of the voting power (“Indigo Control”) of all the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at an election of directors (the “Voting Stock”), special meetings of stockholders of the Corporation may be called at any time by the holders of a majority of the voting power of the Voting Stock.


No business may be transacted at such special meeting other than the business specified in such notice to stockholders. Nothing contained in this paragraph of this Section 2.3 shall be construed as limiting, fixing, or affecting the time when a meeting of stockholders called by action of the Board may be held. The Corporation may postpone, reschedule or cancel any special meeting of stockholders previously scheduled by the Chair of the Board or by the Secretary of the Corporation upon direction of the Board.

2.4 ADVANCE NOTICE PROCEDURES FOR BUSINESS BROUGHT BEFORE A MEETING.

(i) At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be (a) specified in a notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the Board, (b) if not specified in a notice of meeting, otherwise brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board or the Chair of the Board, (c) be brought before the meeting by or at the direction of Indigo while the Corporation is under Indigo Control or (d) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder present in person who (A)(1) was a record owner of shares of the Corporation both at the time of giving the notice provided for in this Section 2.4 and at the time of the meeting, (2) is entitled to vote at the meeting and (3) has complied with this Section 2.4 in all applicable respects, or (B) properly made such proposal in accordance with Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (as so amended and inclusive of such rules and regulations, the “Exchange Act”). The foregoing clause (d) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder (other than Indigo while the Corporation is under Indigo Control) to propose business to be brought before an annual meeting of the stockholders. The only matters that may be brought before a special meeting are the matters specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person calling the meeting pursuant to Section 2.3 of these Bylaws, and stockholders shall not be permitted to propose business to be brought before a special meeting of the stockholders. For purposes of this Section 2.4, “present in person” shall mean that the stockholder proposing that the business be brought before the annual meeting of the Corporation, or, if the proposing stockholder is not an individual, a qualified representative of such proposing stockholder, appear at such annual meeting. A “qualified representative” of such proposing stockholder shall be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or any other person authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders. Stockholders seeking to nominate persons for election to the Board must comply with Section 2.5 and Section 2.6 of these Bylaws, and this Section 2.4 shall not be applicable to nominations except as expressly provided in Section 2.5 and Section 2.6 of these Bylaws.

(ii) For business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to Section 2.4(a)(iv), the stockholder must (a) provide Timely Notice (as defined below) thereof in writing and in proper form to the Secretary of the Corporation and (b) provide any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 2.4. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the one-year anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting which, in the case of the first annual meeting of stockholders following the

 

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closing of the Corporation’s initial underwritten public offering of common stock, the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting shall be deemed to be June 1; provided, however, that if the date of the annual meeting is more than thirty (30) days before or more than sixty (60) days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered, or mailed and received, not later than the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such annual meeting or, if later, the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of such annual meeting was first made by the Corporation (such notice within such time periods, “Timely Notice”). In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of Timely Notice as described above.

(iii) To be in proper form for purposes of this Section 2.4, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth:

(a) As to each Proposing Person (as defined below), (A) the name and address of such Proposing Person (including, if applicable, the name and address that appear on the Corporation’s books and records); and (B) the class or series and number of shares of the Corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned of record or beneficially owned (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) by such Proposing Person, except that such Proposing Person shall in all events be deemed to beneficially own any shares of any class or series of the Corporation as to which such Proposing Person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time in the future (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A) and (B) are referred to as “Stockholder Information”);

(b) As to each Proposing Person, (A) the full notional amount of any securities that, directly or indirectly, underlie any “derivative security” (as such term is defined in Rule 16a-1(c) under the Exchange Act) that constitutes a “call equivalent position” (as such term is defined in Rule 16a-1(b) under the Exchange Act) (“Synthetic Equity Position”) and that is, directly or indirectly, held or maintained by such Proposing Person with respect to any shares of any class or series of shares of the Corporation; provided that, for the purposes of the definition of “Synthetic Equity Position,” the term “derivative security” shall also include any security or instrument that would not otherwise constitute a “derivative security” as a result of any feature that would make any conversion, exercise or similar right or privilege of such security or instrument becoming determinable only at some future date or upon the happening of a future occurrence, in which case the determination of the amount of securities into which such security or instrument would be convertible or exercisable shall be made assuming that such security or instrument is immediately convertible or exercisable at the time of such determination; and, provided, further, that any Proposing Person satisfying the requirements of Rule 13d-1(b)(1) under the Exchange Act (other than a Proposing Person that so satisfies Rule 13d-1(b)(1) under the Exchange Act solely by reason of Rule 13d-1(b)(1)(ii)(E)) shall not be deemed to hold or maintain the notional amount of any securities that underlie a Synthetic Equity Position held by such Proposing Person as a hedge with respect to a bona fide derivatives trade or position of such Proposing Person arising in the ordinary course of such Proposing Person’s business as a derivatives dealer, (B) any rights to dividends on the shares of any class or series of shares of the Corporation owned beneficially by such Proposing Person that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation, (C)(x) if such Proposing Person is (i) a general or limited partnership, syndicate or other group, the identity of each general partner and each person who functions as a general partner of the general or limited partnership, each member of the syndicate or group and each person controlling the general partner or member, (ii) a corporation or a limited liability company, the identity of each officer and each person who functions as an officer of

 

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the corporation or limited liability company, each person controlling the corporation or limited liability company and each officer, director, general partner and person who functions as an officer, director or general partner of any entity ultimately in control of the corporation or limited liability company or (iii) a trust, any trustee of such trust (each such person or persons set forth in the preceding clauses (i), (ii) and (iii), a “Responsible Person”), any fiduciary duties owed by such Responsible Person to the equity holders or other beneficiaries of such Proposing Person and any material interests or relationships of such Responsible Person that are not shared generally by other record or beneficial holders of the shares of any class or series of the Corporation and that reasonably could have influenced the decision of such Proposing Person to propose such business to be brought before the meeting, and (y) if such Proposing Person is a natural person, any material interests or relationships of such natural person that are not shared generally by other record or beneficial holders of the shares of any class or series of the Corporation and that reasonably could have influenced the decision of such Proposing Person to propose such business to be brought before the meeting, (D) any material shares or any Synthetic Equity Position in any principal competitor of the Corporation in any principal industry of the Corporation held by such Proposing Persons, (E) a summary of any material discussions regarding the business proposed to be brought before the meeting (x) between or among any of the Proposing Persons or (y) between or among any Proposing Person and any other record or beneficial holder of the shares of any class or series of the Corporation (including their names), (F) any material pending or threatened legal proceeding in which such Proposing Person is a party or material participant involving the Corporation or any of its officers or directors, or any affiliate of the Corporation, (G) any other material relationship between such Proposing Person, on the one hand, and the Corporation, any affiliate of the Corporation or any principal competitor of the Corporation, on the other hand, (H) any direct or indirect material interest in any material contract or agreement of such Proposing Person with the Corporation, any affiliate of the Corporation or any principal competitor of the Corporation (including, in any such case, any employment agreement, collective bargaining agreement or consulting agreement), (I) a representation that such Proposing Person intends or is part of a group which intends to deliver a proxy statement or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal or otherwise solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such proposal and (J) any other information relating to such Proposing Person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies or consents by such Proposing Person in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A) through (J) are referred to as “Disclosable Interests”); provided, however, that Disclosable Interests shall not include any such disclosures with respect to the ordinary course business activities of any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee who is a Proposing Person solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these Bylaws on behalf of a beneficial owner; and

(c) As to each item of business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting, (A) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting and any material interest in such business of each Proposing Person, (B) the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the Bylaws of the Corporation, the language

 

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of the proposed amendment), (C) a reasonably detailed description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings between or among any of the Proposing Persons or between or among any Proposing Person and any other person or entity (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder and (D) any other information relating to such item of business that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, that the disclosures required by this Section 2.4(iii) shall not include any disclosures with respect to any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee who is a Proposing Person solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these Bylaws on behalf of a beneficial owner.

(iv) For purposes of this Section 2.4, the term “Proposing Person shall mean (a) the stockholder providing the notice of business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting, (b) the beneficial owner or beneficial owners, if different, on whose behalf the notice of the business proposed to be brought before the annual meeting is made, (c) any participant (as defined in paragraphs (a)(ii)-(vi) of Instruction 3 to Item 4 of Schedule 14A) with such stockholder in such solicitation or associate (within the meaning of Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act for the purposes of these Bylaws) of such stockholder or beneficial owner and (d) any other person with whom such stockholder or such beneficial owner (or any of their respective associates or other participants in such solicitation) is Acting in Concert. A person shall be deemed to be “Acting in Concert” with another person for purposes of these Bylaws if such person knowingly acts (whether or not pursuant to an express agreement, arrangement or understanding) in concert or in parallel with, or towards a common goal with such other person, relating to changing or influencing the control of the Corporation or in connection with or as a participant in any transaction having that purpose or effect, where (A) each person is conscious of the other person’s conduct, and this awareness is an element in their decision-making processes, and (B) at least one additional factor suggests that such persons intend to act in concert or in parallel, which such additional factors may include, without limitation, exchanging information (whether publicly or privately), attending meetings, conducting discussions or making or soliciting invitations to act in concert or in parallel; provided, that a person shall not be deemed to be Acting in Concert with any other person solely as a result of the solicitation or receipt of (1) revocable proxies or consents from such other person in response to a solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act by way of a proxy or consent solicitation statement filed on Schedule 14A or (2) tenders of securities from such other person in a public tender or exchange offer made pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section 14(d) of the Exchange Act by means of a tender offer statement filed on Schedule TO. A person Acting in Concert with another person shall be deemed to be Acting in Concert with any third party who is also Acting in Concert with such other person.

(v) A Proposing Person shall update and supplement its notice to the Corporation of its intent to propose business at an annual meeting, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 2.4 shall be true and correct as of the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five (5) business days after the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of such record date), and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed) (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to

 

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the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof). For the avoidance of doubt, the obligation to update and supplement as set forth in this paragraph or any other Section of these Bylaws shall not limit the Corporation’s rights with respect to any deficiencies in any notice provided by a stockholder, extend any applicable deadlines hereunder or enable or be deemed to permit a stockholder who has previously submitted notice hereunder to amend or update any proposal or to submit any new proposal, including by changing or adding matters, business or resolutions proposed to be brought before a meeting of the stockholders.

(vi) Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at an annual meeting that is not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with this Section 2.4. The presiding officer of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine that the business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with this Section 2.4, and if he or she should so determine, he or she shall so declare to the meeting and any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.

(vii) This Section 2.4 is expressly intended to apply to any business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting of stockholders, other than any proposal made in accordance with Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act and included in the Corporation’s proxy statement. In addition to the requirements of this Section 2.4 with respect to any business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting, each Proposing Person shall comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to any such business. Nothing in this Section 2.4 shall be deemed to affect the rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.

(viii) For purposes of these Bylaws, “public disclosure” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by a national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

2.5 ADVANCE NOTICE PROCEDURES FOR NOMINATIONS OF DIRECTORS.

(i) Nominations of any person for election to the Board at an annual meeting or at a special meeting (but only if the election of directors is a matter specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person calling such special meeting) may be made at such meeting only (a) by or at the direction of the Board, including by any committee or persons authorized to do so by the Board or these Bylaws, (b) by or at the direction of Indigo while the Corporation is under Indigo Control or (c) by a stockholder present in person who (A) was a beneficial owner of shares of the Corporation both at the time of giving the notice provided for in this Section 2.5 and at the time of the meeting, (B) is entitled to vote at the meeting and (C) has complied with this Section 2.5 and Section 2.6 as to such notice and nomination. The foregoing clause (b) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder (other than Indigo while the Corporation is under Indigo Control) to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the Board at an annual meeting or special meeting. For purposes of this Section 2.5, “present in person” shall mean that the stockholder proposing that the business be brought before the meeting of the Corporation, or, if the proposing stockholder is not an individual, a qualified representative of such stockholder, appear at such meeting. A “qualified representative” of such proposing stockholder shall be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or any other person authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders. The foregoing clause (i) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the Board of Directors at an annual meeting or special meeting.

 

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(ii) For a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the Board at an annual meeting, the stockholder must (a) provide Timely Notice (as defined in Section 2.4(ii) of these Bylaws) thereof in writing and in proper form to the Secretary of the Corporation, (b) provide the information with respect to such stockholder and its proposed nominee as required by this Section 2.5, and (c) provide any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 2.5. If the election of directors is a matter specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person calling such special meeting, then for a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the Board at a special meeting, the stockholder must (a) provide timely notice thereof in writing and in proper form to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation, (b) provide the information with respect to such stockholder and its proposed nominee as required by this Section 2.5, and (c) provide any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 2.5. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice for nominations to be made at a special meeting must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such special meeting and not later than the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such special meeting or, if later, the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public disclosure (as defined in Section 2.4(ix) of these Bylaws) of the date of such special meeting was first made. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or special meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. In no event may a Nominating Person provide Timely Notice with respect to a greater number of director candidates than are subject to election by shareholders at the applicable meeting. If the Corporation shall, subsequent to such notice, increase the number of directors subject to election at the meeting, such notice as to any additional nominees shall be due on the later of (i) the conclusion of the time period for Timely Notice, (ii) the date set forth in Section 2.4(b)(ii) or (iii) the tenth day following the date of public disclosure (as defined in Section 2.4) of such increase.

(iii) To be in proper form for purposes of this Section 2.5, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth:

(a) As to each Nominating Person (as defined below), the Stockholder Information (as defined herein, except that for purposes of this Section 2.5, the term “Nominating Person” shall be substituted for the term “Proposing Person” in all places it appears in Section 2.4(iii)(a));

(b) As to each Nominating Person, any Disclosable Interests (as defined herein, except that for purposes of this Section 2.5 the term “Nominating Person” shall be substituted for the term “Proposing Person” in all places it appears in Section 2.4(iii)(b) and the disclosure with respect to the business to be brought before the meeting in Section 2.4(iii)(b) shall be made with respect to the election of directors at the meeting);

(c) As to each person whom a Nominating Person proposes to nominate for election as a director, (A) all information with respect to such proposed nominee that would be required to be set forth in a stockholder’s notice pursuant to this Section 2.5 if such proposed nominee were a Nominating Person, (B) all information relating to such proposed nominee that is required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14(a) under the Exchange Act (including such proposed nominee’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected), (C) a description of any direct or indirect material interest in any material contract or agreement between or among any Nominating Person, on the one hand, and each

 

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proposed nominee or his or her respective associates or any other participants in such solicitation, on the other hand, including, without limitation, all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 under Regulation S-K if such Nominating Person were the “registrant” for purposes of such rule and the proposed nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A) through (C) are referred to as “Nominee Information”), and (D) a completed and signed questionnaire, representation and agreement as provided in Section 2.6; and

(d) The Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information (A) as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as an independent director of the Corporation in accordance with the Corporation’s Corporate Governance Guidelines or (B) that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence or lack of independence of such proposed nominee.

(iv) For purposes of this Section 2.5, the term “Nominating Person shall mean (a) the stockholder providing the notice of the nomination proposed to be made at the meeting, (b) the beneficial owner or beneficial owners, if different, on whose behalf the notice of the nomination proposed to be made at the meeting is made and (c) any associate of such stockholder or beneficial owner or any other participant in such solicitation.

(v) A stockholder providing notice of any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 2.5 shall be true and correct as of the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five (5) business days after the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of such record date), and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed) (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof). For the avoidance of doubt, the obligation to update and supplement as set forth in this paragraph or any other Section of these Bylaws shall not limit the Corporation’s rights with respect to any deficiencies in any notice provided by a stockholder, extend any applicable deadlines hereunder or enable or be deemed to permit a stockholder who has previously submitted notice hereunder to amend or update any nomination or to submit any new nomination.

(vi) In addition to the requirements of this Section 2.5 with respect to any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting, each Nominating Person shall comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to any such nominations.

2.6 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR VALID NOMINATION OF CANDIDATES TO SERVE AS DIRECTOR AND, IF ELECTED, TO BE SEATED AS DIRECTORS.

(i) To be eligible to be a nominee for election as a director of the Corporation at an annual or special meeting, the proposed nominee must be nominated in the manner prescribed in Section 2.5 and must deliver (in accordance with the time period prescribed for delivery in a notice to such proposed

 

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nominee given by or on behalf of the Board), to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation, (a) a completed written questionnaire (in a form provided by the Corporation) with respect to the background, qualifications, citizenship, stock ownership and independence of such proposed nominee and (b) a written representation and agreement (in form provided by the Corporation) that such proposed nominee (A) is not and, if elected as a director during his or her term of office, will not become a party to (1) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given and will not give any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such proposed nominee, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”) or (2) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such proposed nominee’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such proposed nominee’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (B) is not, and will not become a party to, any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation or reimbursement for service as a director, (C) if elected as a director of the Corporation, will comply with all applicable corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality, stock ownership and trading and other policies and guidelines of the Corporation applicable to directors and in effect during such person’s term in office as a director (and, if requested by any proposed nominee, the Secretary of the Corporation shall provide to such proposed nominee all such policies and guidelines then in effect), (D) if elected as director of the Corporation, intends to serve the entire term until the next meeting at which such proposed nominee would face re-election and (E) consents to being named as a nominee in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-4(d) under the Exchange Act and any associated proxy card of the Corporation and agrees to serve if elected as a director.

(ii) In addition to the requirements of this Section 2.5 with respect to any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting, each Proposing Person shall comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to any such nominations.

(iii) A proposed nominee for nomination as a director shall further update and supplement the materials delivered pursuant to this Section 2.6, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided pursuant to this Section 2.6 shall be true and correct as of the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (or any other office specified by the Corporation in any public announcement) not later than five (5) business days after the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of such record date), and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed) (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof). For the avoidance of doubt, the obligation to update and supplement as set forth in this paragraph or any other Section of these Bylaws shall not limit the Corporation’s rights with respect to any deficiencies in any notice provided by a stockholder, extend any applicable deadlines hereunder or enable or be deemed to permit a stockholder who has previously submitted notice hereunder to amend or update any proposal or to submit any new proposal, including by changing or adding nominees, matters, business or resolutions proposed to be brought before a meeting of the stockholders.

(iv) No proposed nominee shall be eligible for nomination as a director of the Corporation unless such proposed nominee and the Nominating Person seeking to place such proposed nominee’s name in nomination have complied with Section 2.5 and this Section 2.6, as applicable. The presiding officer at the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine that a nomination was not properly made

 

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in accordance with this with Section 2.5 and this Section 2.6, and if he or she should so determine, he or she shall so declare such determination to the meeting, the defective nomination shall be disregarded and any ballots cast for the proposed nominee in question (but in the case of any form of ballot listing other qualified nominees, only the ballots cast for the nominee in question) shall be null and void ab initio, and of no force or effect.

2.7 NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDERS’ MEETINGS.

Unless otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the notice of any meeting of stockholders shall be sent or otherwise given in accordance with either Section 2.7 or Section 8.1 of these Bylaws not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. The notice shall specify the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting, the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called.

2.8 QUORUM.

Unless otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the holders of a majority in voting power of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, present in person, or by remote communication, if applicable, or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at all meetings of the stockholders. A quorum, once established at a meeting, shall not be broken by the withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a quorum. If, however, a quorum is not present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, then either (i) the chair of the meeting or (ii) a majority in voting power of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person, or by remote communication, if applicable, or represented by proxy, shall have power to recess the meeting or adjourn the meeting from time to time in the manner provided in Section 2.9 of these Bylaws until a quorum is present or represented. At any recessed or adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present or represented, any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed.

2.9 ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE.

When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, unless these Bylaws otherwise require, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time, place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the Corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.

2.10 CONDUCT OF BUSINESS.

The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced at the meeting by the chair of the meeting. The Board may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board, the chair of any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to convene and (for any or no reason) to recess and/or adjourn the meeting, to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures (which need

 

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not be in writing) and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chair of the meeting, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board or prescribed by the chair of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present (including, without limitation, rules and procedures for removal of disruptive persons from the meeting); (iii) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the presiding person of the meeting shall determine; (iv) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. The chair of any meeting of stockholders, in addition to making any other determinations that may be appropriate to the conduct of the meeting (including, without limitation, determinations with respect to the administration and/or interpretation of any of the rules, regulations or procedures of the meeting, whether adopted by the Board or prescribed by the person presiding over the meeting), shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a matter or business was not properly brought before the meeting and if such chair of the meeting should so determine, such chair of the meeting shall so declare to the meeting and any such matter or business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted or considered. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board or the chair of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.

2.11 VOTING; ELECTION OF DIRECTORS.

The stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.13 of these Bylaws, subject to Section 217 (relating to voting rights of fiduciaries, pledgors and joint owners of stock) and Section 218 (relating to voting trusts and other voting agreements) of the DGCL.

Except as may be otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be entitled to one (1) vote for each share of capital stock held by such stockholder which has voting power upon the matter in question.

At all duly called or convened meetings of stockholders, at which a quorum is present, for the election of directors, a plurality of the votes cast shall be sufficient to elect a director. Except as otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, the rules or regulations of any stock exchange applicable to the Corporation, or applicable law or pursuant to any regulation applicable to the Corporation or its securities, all other elections and questions presented to the stockholders at a duly called or convened meeting, at which a quorum is present, shall be decided by the majority of the votes present and in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and shall be valid and binding upon the Corporation.

2.12 STOCKHOLDER ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING.

Except as may be provided in a resolution or resolutions of the Board providing for any series of Preferred Stock, any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation may be effected by an action by consent in lieu of a meeting with the approval of the holders of outstanding capital stock having not less than the minimum voting power that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares of capital stock entitled to vote thereon were present and voted; provided, that from and after such time that the Corporation is no longer under Indigo Control, any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation must be effected only at a duly called annual or special meeting of such stockholders of the Corporation and may not be effected by any consent in lieu of a meeting by such stockholders. For the avoidance of doubt, at any time when action by consent in lieu of a meeting is permissible pursuant to this Section 2.12, the notice requirements of Sections 2.4 and 2.5 of these Bylaws shall not apply.

 

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2.13 RECORD DATE FOR STOCKHOLDER NOTICE; VOTING; GIVING CONSENTS.

In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board may fix, in advance, a record date, which record date shall not precede the date on which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted and which shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other such action.

If the Board does not so fix a record date:

(i) The record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held.

(ii) The record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts the resolution relating thereto.

A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

2.14 PROXIES.

Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by proxy authorized by an instrument in writing or by a transmission permitted by law filed in accordance with the procedure established for the meeting, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three (3) years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. The revocability of a proxy that states on its face that it is irrevocable shall be governed by the provisions of Section 212 of the DGCL. A proxy may be in the form of a telegram, cablegram or other means of electronic transmission which sets forth or is submitted with information from which it can be determined that the telegram, cablegram or other means of electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder.

2.15 LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS ENTITLED TO VOTE.

The Corporation shall prepare, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. The Corporation shall not be required to include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting: (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (ii) during ordinary business hours, at the Corporation’s principal executive office. In the event that the Corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation may take

 

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reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the Corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place, then the list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting. Such list shall presumptively determine the identity of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and the number of shares held by each of them.

2.16 INSPECTORS OF ELECTION.

Before any meeting of stockholders, the Board shall appoint an inspector or inspectors of election to act at the meeting or its adjournment and make a written report thereof. The number of inspectors shall be either one (1) or three (3). If any person appointed as inspector fails to appear or fails or refuses to act, then the chair of the meeting may, and upon the request of any stockholder or a stockholder’s proxy shall, appoint a person to fill that vacancy.

Such inspectors shall:

(i) ascertain the number of shares of capital stock of the corporation outstanding and the voting power of each such share;

(ii) determine the shares of capital stock of the corporation represented at the meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots;

(iii) count all votes and ballots;

(iv) determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors; and

(v) certify their determination of the number of shares of capital stock of the corporation represented at the meeting and such inspectors’ count of all votes and ballots.

The inspectors of election shall perform their duties impartially, in good faith, to the best of their ability and as expeditiously as is practical. If there are three (3) inspectors of election, the decision, act or certificate of a majority is effective in all respects as the decision, act or certificate of all. Any report or certificate made by the inspectors of election is prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.

2.17 DELIVERY TO THE CORPORATION.

Whenever this Article II requires one or more persons (including a record or beneficial owner of stock) to deliver a document or information to the Corporation or any officer, employee or agent thereof (including any notice, request, questionnaire, revocation, representation or other document or agreement), such document or information shall be in writing exclusively (and not in an electronic transmission) and shall be delivered exclusively by hand (including, without limitation, overnight courier service) or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, and the Corporation shall not be required to accept delivery of any document not in such written form or so delivered. For the avoidance of doubt, the Corporation expressly opts out of Section 116 of the DGCL with respect to the delivery of information and documents to the Corporation required by this Article II.

 

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ARTICLE III—DIRECTORS

3.1 POWERS.

Subject to the provisions of the DGCL and any limitations in the Certificate of Incorporation, the business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed and all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the direction of the Board.

3.2 NUMBER OF DIRECTORS.

Subject to the rights and preferences, if any, of any holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock to elect directors, the number of directors which shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be no less than one and not more than fifteen members and be fixed exclusively by one or more resolutions adopted from time to time by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors.

3.3 ELECTION, QUALIFICATION, CITIZENSHIP, AND TERM OF OFFICE OF DIRECTORS.

Except as provided in Section 3.4 of these Bylaws, and subject to the Certificate of Incorporation, each director, including a director elected to fill a vacancy or newly created directorship, shall hold office until the expiration of the term for which elected and until such director’s successor is elected and qualified or until such director’s earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal. Directors need not be stockholders unless so required by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. The Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws may prescribe other qualifications for directors. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these Bylaws, at least two-thirds of the members of the Board of Directors shall be “citizens of the United States” as provided under Applicable Law (as defined in Article X below) and the Chairman of the Board shall be a “citizen of the United States” as provided under Applicable Law for so long as required by Applicable Law. If the number of Non-Citizens (as defined in Article X below) serving on the Board of Directors at any time exceeds the limitations provided under Applicable Law, one or more directors who are Non-Citizens shall, in reverse chronological order based on their tenure of service on the Board, cease to be qualified as directors and shall automatically cease to be directors.

If so provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, the directors of the Corporation shall be divided into three (3) classes.

3.4 RESIGNATION AND VACANCIES.

Any director may resign at any time upon notice given in writing or by electronic transmission to the Corporation. When one or more directors so resigns and the resignation is effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall hold office as provided in Section 3.3.

Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, vacancies resulting from the death, resignation, disqualification or removal of any director, and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors shall, unless the Board determines by resolution that any such vacancies or newly created directorships shall be filled by stockholders, be filled only by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director.

 

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3.5 PLACE OF MEETINGS; MEETINGS BY TELEPHONE.

The Board may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or outside the State of Delaware.

Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board, or any committee designated by the Board, may participate in a meeting of the Board, or any committee, by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting pursuant to these Bylaws shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

3.6 REGULAR MEETINGS.

Regular meetings of the Board may be held within or outside the State of Delaware and at such time and at such place as which has been designated by the Board and publicized among all directors, either orally or in writing, by telephone, including a voice-messaging system or other system designed to record and communicate messages, facsimile, telegraph or telex, or by electronic mail or other means of electronic transmission. No further notice shall be required for regular meetings of the Board.

3.7 SPECIAL MEETINGS; NOTICE.

Special meetings of the Board for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the Chair of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Secretary or a majority of the authorized number of directors.

Notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be:

(i) delivered personally by hand, by courier or by telephone;

(ii) sent by United States first-class mail, postage prepaid;

(iii) sent by facsimile; or

(iv) sent by electronic mail,

directed to each director at that director’s address, telephone number, facsimile number or electronic mail address, as the case may be, as shown on the Corporation’s records.

If the notice is (i) delivered personally by hand, by courier or by telephone, (ii) sent by facsimile or (iii) sent by electronic mail, it shall be delivered or sent at least twenty-four (24) hours before the time of the holding of the meeting. If the notice is sent by United States mail, it shall be deposited in the United States mail at least four (4) days before the time of the holding of the meeting. The notice need not specify the place of the meeting (if the meeting is to be held at the Corporation’s principal executive office) nor the purpose of the meeting.

 

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3.8 QUORUM.

At all meetings of the Board, unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, a majority of the authorized number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The vote of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. If a quorum is not present at any meeting of the Board, then the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present.

3.9 BOARD ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING.

Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission. After an action is taken, the consent or consents relating thereto shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board, or the committee thereof, in the same paper or electronic form as the minutes are maintained. Such action by written consent or consent by electronic transmission shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote of the Board.

3.10 FEES AND COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS.

To the greatest extent permitted by applicable law, the Board shall have the authority to fix the compensation, including fees and reimbursement of expenses, of directors for services to the Corporation in any capacity.

3.11 REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS.

Except as otherwise provided by the DGCL, the Board of Directors or any individual director may be removed from office at any time (a) with or without cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the Voting Stock while the Corporation is under Indigo Control and (b) from and after the time the Corporation is no longer under Indigo Control, only for cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the Voting Stock.

No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of removing any director prior to the expiration of such director’s term of office.

ARTICLE IV—COMMITTEES

4.1 COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS .

The Board may designate one (1) or more committees, each committee to consist of one (1) or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board may designate one (1) or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board or in these Bylaws, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority to (i) approve or adopt, or recommend to the stockholders, any action or matter expressly required by the DGCL to be submitted to stockholders for approval, or (ii) adopt, amend or repeal any bylaw of the Corporation. At least two-thirds

 

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(2/3) of the members of each committee of the Board shall be comprised of individuals who meet the definition of “a citizen of the United States,” as defined under Applicable Law (as defined in Article X below); provided, however, that if a committee of the Board has one (1) member, such member shall be a “a citizen of the United States,” as defined immediately above.

4.2 COMMITTEE MINUTES .

Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board when required.

4.3 MEETINGS AND ACTION OF COMMITTEES .

Meetings and actions of committees shall be governed by, and held and taken in accordance with, the provisions of:

(i) Section 3.5 (place of meetings and meetings by telephone);

(ii) Section 3.6 (regular meetings);

(iii) Section 3.7 (special meetings and notice);

(iv) Section 3.8 (quorum);

(v) Section 7.12 (waiver of notice); and

(vi) Section 3.9 (action without a meeting),

with such changes in the context of those Bylaws as are necessary to substitute the committee and its members for the Board and its members. However:

(i) the time of regular meetings of committees may be determined either by resolution of the Board or by resolution of the committee;

(ii) special meetings of committees may also be called by resolution of the Board; and

(iii) notice of special meetings of committees shall also be given to all alternate members, if any, who shall have the right to attend all meetings of the committee. The Board may adopt rules for the governance of any committee not inconsistent with the provisions of these Bylaws.

4.4 SUBCOMMITTEES.

Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws or the resolutions of the Board designating the committee, a committee may create one (1) or more subcommittees, each subcommittee to consist of one (1) or more members of the committee, and delegate to a subcommittee any or all of the powers and authority of the committee. At least two-thirds (2/3) of the members of each subcommittee of the Board shall be comprised of individuals who meet the definition of “a citizen of the United States,” as defined under Applicable Law (as defined in Article X below); provided, however, that if a subcommittee of the Board has one (1) member, such member shall be a “a citizen of the United States,” as defined immediately above.

 

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ARTICLE V - OFFICERS

5.1 OFFICERS

The officers of the Corporation shall be a President and a Secretary. The Corporation may also have, at the discretion of the Board, a chair of the Board, a vice chair of the Board, a chief executive officer, a chief financial officer, a treasurer, one or more vice presidents, one or more assistant treasurers, one or more assistant secretaries, and any such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws. Any number of offices may be held by the same person.

5.2 APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS

The Board shall appoint the officers of the Corporation, except such officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.3 of these Bylaws, subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of employment.

5.3 SUBORDINATE OFFICERS

The Board may appoint, or empower the Chief Executive Officer or, in the absence of a chief executive officer, the President, to appoint, such other officers and agents as the business of the Corporation may require. Each of such officers and agents shall hold office for such period, have such authority, and perform such duties as are provided in these Bylaws or as the Board may from time to time determine.

5.4 REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS

Any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by an affirmative vote of the majority of the Board or by any officer upon whom such power of removal may be conferred by the Board.

Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Corporation. Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of that notice or at any later time specified in that notice. Unless otherwise specified in the notice of resignation, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any resignation is without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the Corporation under any contract to which the officer is a party.

Any removal or resignation of an officer pursuant to this Section 5.4 shall be without prejudice to any rights of the Corporation or such officer pursuant to any contract of employment of such officer.

5.5 VACANCIES IN OFFICES

Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation shall be filled by the Board or as provided in Section 5.2.

 

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5.6 REPRESENTATION OF SHARES OF OTHER CORPORATIONS

The Chair of the Board, the President, any Vice President, the Treasurer, the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of this Corporation, or any other person authorized by the Board, is authorized to vote, represent and exercise on behalf of this Corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any other corporation or corporations held in the name of this Corporation. The authority granted herein may be exercised either by such person directly or by any other person authorized to do so by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by such person having the authority.

5.7 AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS

All officers of the Corporation shall respectively have such authority and perform such duties in the management of the business of the Corporation as may be designated from time to time by the Board or the stockholders and, to the extent not so provided, as generally pertain to their respective offices, subject to the control of the Board.

5.8 LIMITATIONS ON NON-CITIZENS AS OFFICERS

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these Bylaws, (a) the Chief Executive Officer, if any, and the President and at least two-thirds of the other managing officers of the Corporation shall be “citizens of the United States,” as defined under Applicable Law (as defined in Article X below) for so long as such restrictions are required by Applicable Law (as defined in Article X below).

ARTICLE VI - RECORDS AND REPORTS

6.1 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF RECORDS

The Corporation shall, either at its principal executive office or at such place or places as designated by the Board, keep a record of its stockholders listing their names and addresses and the number and class of shares held by each stockholder, a copy of these Bylaws as amended to date, accounting books and other records. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these Bylaws, any stockholder of record shall be entitled to all rights to which such stockholder is entitled pursuant to Section 220 of the DGCL.

6.2 INSPECTION BY DIRECTORS

Any director shall have the right to examine the Corporation’s stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and records for a purpose reasonably related to his or her position as a director to the extent such director is entitled to do so under Section 220 of the DGCL..

ARTICLE VII - GENERAL MATTERS

7.1 EXECUTION OF CORPORATE CONTRACTS AND INSTRUMENTS

The Board, except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, may authorize any officer or officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation; such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.

 

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7.2 STOCK CERTIFICATES; PARTLY PAID SHARES

The shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board by resolution may provide that some or all of the shares of any class or series of stock of the Corporation shall be uncertificated. Certificates for the shares of stock, if any, shall be in such form as is consistent with the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law. Every holder of stock represented by a certificate shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by, any two officers authorized to sign stock certificates representing the number of shares registered in certificate form. The Chair or Vice Chair of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, the President, Vice President, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Corporation shall be specifically authorized to sign stock certificates. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate has ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he or she were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.

The Corporation may issue the whole or any part of its shares as partly paid and subject to call for the remainder of the consideration to be paid therefor. Upon the face or back of each stock certificate issued to represent any such partly paid shares, or upon the books and records of the Corporation in the case of uncertificated partly paid shares, the total amount of the consideration to be paid therefor and the amount paid thereon shall be stated. Upon the declaration of any dividend on fully paid shares, the Corporation shall declare a dividend upon partly paid shares of the same class, but only upon the basis of the percentage of the consideration actually paid thereon.

7.3 SPECIAL DESIGNATION ON CERTIFICATES

If the Corporation is authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, then the powers, the designations, the preferences and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or on the back of the certificate that the Corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock (or, in the case of uncertificated shares, set forth in a notice provided pursuant to Section 151 of the DGCL); provided, however, that, except as otherwise provided in Section 202 of the DGCL, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate that the Corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock (or, in the case of any uncertificated shares, included in the aforementioned notice) a statement that the Corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, the designations, the preferences and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.

7.4 LOST CERTIFICATES

Except as provided in this Section 7.4, no new certificates for shares shall be issued to replace a previously issued certificate unless the latter is surrendered to the Corporation and cancelled at the same time. The Corporation may issue a new certificate of stock or uncertificated shares in the place of any certificate theretofore issued by it, alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, and the Corporation may require the owner of the lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or such owner’s legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated shares.

7.5 CONSTRUCTION; DEFINITIONS

Unless the context requires otherwise, the general provisions, rules of construction and definitions in the DGCL shall govern the construction of these Bylaws. Without limiting the generality of this provision, the singular number includes the plural, the plural number includes the singular, and the term “person” includes both a corporation and a natural person.

 

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7.6 DIVIDENDS

The Board, subject to any restrictions contained in either (i) the DGCL or (ii) the Certificate of Incorporation, may declare and pay dividends upon the shares of its capital stock. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property or in shares of the Corporation’s capital stock. The Board may set apart out of any of the funds of the Corporation available for dividends a reserve or reserves for any proper purpose and may abolish any such reserve. Such purposes shall include but not be limited to equalizing dividends, repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, and meeting contingencies.

7.7 FISCAL YEAR

The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board and may be changed by the Board.

7.8 SEAL

The Corporation may adopt a corporate seal, which shall be adopted and which may be altered by the Board. The Corporation may use the corporate seal by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced.

7.9 TRANSFER OF STOCK

Shares of the Corporation shall be transferable in the manner prescribed by law and in these Bylaws. Shares of stock of the Corporation shall be transferred on the books of the Corporation only by the holder of record thereof or by such holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing, upon surrender to the Corporation of the certificate or certificates representing such shares endorsed by the appropriate person or persons (or by delivery of duly executed instructions with respect to uncertificated shares), with such evidence of the authenticity of such endorsement or execution, transfer, authorization and other matters as the Corporation may reasonably require, and accompanied by all necessary stock transfer stamps. No transfer of stock shall be valid as against the Corporation for any purpose until it shall have been entered in the stock records of the Corporation by an entry showing the names of the persons from and to whom it was transferred. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the transfer of shares shall be restricted in accordance with Article X of these Bylaws.

7.10 STOCK TRANSFER AGREEMENTS

The Corporation shall have power to enter into and perform any agreement with any number of stockholders of any one or more classes of stock of the Corporation to restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the Corporation of any one or more classes owned by such stockholders in any manner not prohibited by the DGCL.

 

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7.11 REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS

The Corporation:

(i) shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends and to vote as such owner; and

(ii) shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of another person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware.

7.12 WAIVER OF NOTICE

Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, a written waiver, signed by the person entitled to notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time of the event for which notice is to be given, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the stockholders need be specified in any written waiver of notice or any waiver by electronic transmission unless so required by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.

ARTICLE VIII - NOTICE BY ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION

Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under any provisions of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws may be given in writing directed to the stockholder’s mailing address (or by electronic transmission directed to the stockholder’s electronic mail address, as applicable) as it appears on the records of the Corporation and shall be given (1) if mailed, when the notice is deposited in the U.S. mail, postage prepaid, (2) if delivered by courier service, the earlier of when the notice is received or left at such stockholder’s address or (3) if given by electronic mail, when directed to such stockholder’s electronic mail address unless the stockholder has notified the Corporation in writing or by electronic transmission of an objection to receiving notice by electronic mail. A notice by electronic mail must include a prominent legend that the communication is an important notice regarding the Corporation.

Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws shall be effective if given by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given. Any such consent shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice or electronic transmission to the Corporation. Notwithstanding the provisions of this paragraph, the Corporation may give a notice by electronic mail in accordance with the first paragraph of this section without obtaining the consent required by this paragraph.

Any notice given pursuant to the preceding paragraph shall be deemed given:

 

  (i)

if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice;

 

  (ii)

if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the later of (A) such posting and (B) the giving of such separate notice; and

 

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  (iii)

if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, a notice may not be given by an electronic transmission from and after the time that (1) the Corporation is unable to deliver by such electronic transmission two (2) consecutive notices given by the Corporation and (2) such inability becomes known to the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation or to the transfer agent, or other person responsible for the giving of notice, provided, however, the inadvertent failure to discover such inability shall not invalidate any meeting or other action.

An affidavit of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or of the transfer agent or other agent of the Corporation that the notice has been given shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.

ARTICLE IX - INDEMNIFICATION

9.1 INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.

The Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any director or officer of the Corporation who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “Proceeding”) by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person for whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or, while serving as a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership (a “covered person”), joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any such Proceeding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise provided in Section 9.4, the Corporation shall be required to indemnify a person in connection with a Proceeding initiated by such person only if the Proceeding was authorized in the specific case by the Board.

9.2 INDEMNIFICATION OF OTHERS.

The Corporation shall have the power to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any employee or agent of the Corporation who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any Proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person for whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was an employee or agent of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any such Proceeding.

9.3 PREPAYMENT OF EXPENSES.

The Corporation shall to the fullest extent not prohibited by applicable law pay the reasonable expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by any covered person, and may pay the expenses incurred by any employee or agent of the Corporation, in defending any Proceeding in advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that such payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of the Proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by the person to repay all amounts advanced if it should be ultimately determined that the person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article IX or otherwise.

 

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9.4 NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS.

The rights conferred on any person by this Article IX shall not be exclusive of any other rights which such person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

9.5 INSURANCE.

The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust enterprise or non-profit entity against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify him or her against such liability under the provisions of the DGCL.

9.6 OTHER INDEMNIFICATION.

The Corporation’s obligation, if any, to indemnify or advance expenses to any person who was or is serving at its request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity shall be reduced by any amount such person may collect as indemnification or advancement of expenses from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit enterprise.

9.7 CONTINUATION OF INDEMNIFICATION.

The Corporation’s obligation, if any, to indemnify or advance expenses to any person who was or is serving at its request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity shall be reduced by any amount such person may collect as indemnification or advancement of expenses from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit enterprise.    

9.8 AMENDMENT OR REPEAL; INTERPRETATION.

The provisions of this Article IX shall constitute a contract between the Corporation, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, each individual who serves or has served as a director or officer of the Corporation (whether before or after the adoption of these Bylaws), in consideration of such person’s performance of such services, and pursuant to this Article IX the Corporation intends to be legally bound to each such current or former director or officer of the Corporation. With respect to current and former directors and officers of the Corporation, the rights conferred under this Article IX are present contractual rights and such rights are fully vested, and shall be deemed to have vested fully, immediately upon adoption of theses bylaws. With respect to any directors or officers of the Corporation who commence service following adoption of these Bylaws, the rights conferred under this provision shall be present contractual rights and such rights shall fully vest, and be deemed to have vested fully, immediately upon such director or officer commencing service as a director or officer of the Corporation. Any repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article IX shall not adversely affect any right or protection (i) hereunder of any person in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification or (ii) under any agreement providing for indemnification or advancement of expenses to an officer or director of the Corporation in effect prior to the time of such repeal or modification.

 

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Any reference to an officer of the Corporation in this Article IX shall be deemed to refer exclusively to the Chief Executive Officer, President, and Secretary, or other officer of the Corporation appointed by (x) the Board pursuant to Article V of these Bylaws or (y) an officer to whom the Board has delegated the power to appoint officers pursuant to Article V of these Bylaws, and any reference to an officer of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise shall be deemed to refer exclusively to an officer appointed by the board of directors (or equivalent governing body) of such other entity pursuant to the certificate of incorporation and bylaws (or equivalent organizational documents) of such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise. The fact that any person who is or was an employee of the Corporation or an employee of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise has been given or has used the title of “Vice President” or any other title that could be construed to suggest or imply that such person is or may be an officer of the Corporation or of such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise shall not result in such person being constituted as, or being deemed to be, an officer of the Corporation or of such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise for purposes of this Article IX.

ARTICLE X - LIMITATIONS OF OWNERSHIP BY NON-CITIZENS

10.1 EQUITY SECURITIES.

All capital stock of the Corporation (collectively, “Equity Securities”) shall be subject to the limitations set forth in this Article X.

10.2 NON-U.S. CITIZEN VOTING AND OWNERSHIP LIMITATIONS.

In no event shall persons or entities, including any agent, trustee or representative of such persons or entities, who fail to qualify as a “citizen of the United States” (“Non-Citizens”), as defined in Section 40102(a)(15) of Subtitle VII of Title 49 of the United States Code, as the same may be from time to time amended (the “Aviation Act”), in any similar legislation of the United States enacted in substitution or replacement thereof, and as interpreted by the Department of Transportation, its predecessors and successors, from time to time (the “Applicable Law”), own (beneficially or of record) or control Equity Securities representing in excess of (i) the percentage provided for under Applicable Law of the aggregate votes of all outstanding Equity Securities of the Corporation (the “Voting Limitation”) and (ii) the percentage provided for under Applicable Law of all outstanding Equity Securities of the Corporation (the “Outstanding Limitation”). As of the Effective Time (as defined below) and for informational purposes only, under Applicable Law, the Voting Limitation is 25.0%, and the Outstanding Limitation is 49.0%. If Non-Citizens nonetheless at any time own and/or control more than the Voting Limitation, the voting rights of the Equity Securities in excess of the Voting Limitation shall be automatically suspended in accordance with Section 10.3 below. Further, if at any time a transfer or issuance of Equity Securities to a Non-Citizen would result in Non-Citizens owning more than the Outstanding Limitation, such transfer or issuance shall be null and void ab initio, and of no force or effect, in accordance with Section 10.3 below.

 

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10.3 FOREIGN STOCK RECORD.

(i) The Corporation or any transfer agent shall maintain a separate stock record, designated the “Foreign Stock Record,” for the registration of Equity Securities held by Non-Citizens. It is the duty of each stockholder who is a Non-Citizen to register his, her or its Equity Securities on the Foreign Stock Record. The beneficial ownership or control of Equity Securities by Non-Citizens shall be determined in conformity with regulations prescribed by the Board of Directors. Only Equity Securities that have been issued and are outstanding may be registered in the Foreign Stock Record. The Foreign Stock Record shall include (a) the name and nationality of each Non-Citizen owning (beneficially or of record) or controlling Equity Securities, (b) the number of Equity Securities owned (beneficially or of record) or controlled by each such Non-Citizen and (c) the date of registration of such Equity Securities in the Foreign Stock Record.

(ii) At no time shall Equity Securities held by Non-Citizens be voted, unless such shares are registered on the Foreign Stock Record. In no event shall Equity Securities owned (beneficially or of record) or controlled by Non-Citizens representing more than the Voting Limitation be voted. In the event that Non-Citizens shall own (beneficially or of record) or have voting control over any Equity Securities, the voting rights of such persons shall be subject to automatic suspension to the extent required to ensure that the Corporation is in compliance with Applicable Law. Voting rights of Equity Securities owned (beneficially or of record) or controlled by Non-Citizens shall be suspended in reverse chronological order based upon the date of registration in the Foreign Stock Record.

(iii) In the event that any transfer or issuance of Equity Securities to a Non-Citizen would result in Non-Citizens owning (beneficially or of record) or controlling more than the Outstanding Limitation, such transfer or issuance shall be null and void ab initio, and of no force or effect, and shall not be recorded in the Foreign Stock Record or the stock records of the Corporation. In the event that the Corporation shall determine that the Equity Securities registered on the Foreign Stock Record or otherwise registered on the stock records of the Corporation and owned (beneficially or of record) or controlled by Non-Citizens, taken together (without duplication), exceed the Outstanding Limitation, such number of shares shall be removed from the Foreign Stock Record and the stock records of the Corporation, as applicable, in reverse chronological order based on the date of registration (or attempted registration) in the Foreign Stock Record and the stock records of the Corporation, as applicable, and any transfer or issuance that resulted in such event shall be deemed null and void ab initio, and of no force or effect, such that the Foreign Stock Record and the stock records of the Corporation, as applicable, reflect the ownership of shares without giving effect to any transfer or issuance that caused the Corporation to exceed the Outstanding Limitation until the aggregate number of shares registered in the Foreign Stock Record or otherwise registered to Non-Citizens is equal to the Outstanding Limitation.

10.4 REGISTRATION OF SHARES.

Registry of the ownership of Equity Securities by Non-Citizens shall be effected by written notice to, and in the form specified from time to time by, the Secretary of the Corporation. Subject to any limitations or exceptions set forth in this Article X, the order in which such shares shall be registered on the Foreign Stock Record shall be chronological, based on the date the Corporation received notice to so register such shares; provided, that any Non-Citizen who purchases or otherwise acquires shares that are registered on the Foreign Stock Record and who registers such shares in its own name within 30 days of such acquisition will assume the position of the seller of such shares in the chronological order of shares registered on the Foreign Stock Record.

 

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10.5 CERTIFICATION OF SHARES.

(i) The Corporation may by notice in writing (which may be included in the form of proxy or ballot distributed to stockholders in connection with the annual meeting or any special meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, or otherwise) require a person that is a holder of record of shares or that the Corporation knows to have, or has reasonable cause to believe has beneficial ownership or control of shares to certify in such manner as the Corporation shall deem appropriate (including by way of execution of any form of proxy or ballot of such person) that, to the knowledge of such person:

(a) all shares as to which such person has record ownership or beneficial ownership are owned and controlled only by “citizens of the United States” (as defined above); or

(b) the number of shares of record or beneficially owned by such person that are owned and/or controlled by Non-Citizens is as set forth in such certificate.

(ii) With respect to any shares identified in response to clause (i)(b) above, the Corporation may require such person to provide such further information as the Corporation may reasonably require in order to implement the provisions of this Article X.

(iii) For purposes of applying the provisions of this Article X with respect to any shares, in the event of the failure of any person to provide the certificate or other information to which the Corporation is entitled pursuant to this Section 10.5, the Corporation may presume that the shares in question are owned and/or controlled by Non-Citizens.

10.6 LEGEND.

Each certificate or other representative document for capital stock of the Corporation (including each such certificate or representative document for such capital stock issued upon any permitted transfer of capital stock) shall contain a legend in substantially the following form:

THE SECURITIES OF FRONTIER GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE OR DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO OWNERSHIP, CONTROL, AND VOTING RESTRICTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CERTAIN SECURITIES HELD BY PERSONS OR ENTITIES THAT FAIL TO QUALIFY AS “CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES” AS THE TERM IS DEFINED IN SECTION 40102(a)(15) OF SUBTITLE VII OF TITLE 49 OF THE UNITED STATES CODE, AS AMENDED, IN ANY SIMILAR LEGISLATION OF THE UNITED STATES ENACTED IN SUBSTITUTION OR REPLACEMENT THEREFOR, AND AS INTERPRETED BY THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, ITS PREDECESSORS AND SUCCESSORS, FROM TIME TO TIME. SUCH OWNERSHIP AND VOTING RESTRICTIONS ARE CONTAINED IN THE AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND THE BYLAWS OF FRONTIER GROUP HOLDINGS, INC., AS THE SAME MAY BE AMENDED OR RESTATED FROM TIME TO TIME. A COMPLETE AND CORRECT COPY OF SUCH AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND THE BYLAWS SHALL BE FURNISHED FREE OF CHARGE TO THE HOLDER OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY UPON WRITTEN REQUEST TO THE SECRETARY OF FRONTIER GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.

 

27


ARTICLE XI - AMENDMENTS; WAIVERS

Subject to the limitations set forth in Section 9.9 of these Bylaws or the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board is expressly empowered to adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation or waive the observance of any bylaw (either generally or in a particular instance, and either retroactively or prospectively). Any adoption, amendment or repeal of the Bylaws of the Corporation or waiver of the observance of any bylaw by the Board shall require the approval of a majority of the authorized number of directors. The stockholders also shall have power to adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation; provided, however, that, in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of stock of the Corporation required by law or by the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation, such action by stockholders shall require the affirmative vote of (a) a majority of the voting power of the Voting Stock while the Corporation is under Indigo Control and (b) from and after the time that the Corporation no longer under Indigo Control, at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (6623%) of the voting power of the Voting Stock. In addition, any notice period required by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws may, to the extent permitted by law, be waived with the approval of a majority of the authorized number of directors.

ARTICLE XII - FORUM SELECTION

Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, the federal district court of the State of Delaware) shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim for or based on a breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer, other employee, agent or stockholder of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, including without limitation a claim alleging the aiding and abetting of such a breach of fiduciary duty, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation or any current or former director, officer, employee, agent or stockholder of the Corporation arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or the Certificate of Incorporation or bylaws or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or (iv) any action asserting a claim related to or involving the Corporation that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause or causes of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, including all causes of action asserted against any defendant to such complaint. For the avoidance of doubt, this provision is intended to benefit and may be enforced by the Corporation, its officers and directors, the underwriters to any offering giving rise to such complaint, and any other professional or entity whose profession gives authority to a statement made by that person or entity and who has prepared or certified any part of the documents underlying the offering.

Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Article XI.

Failure to enforce the foregoing provisions would cause the Corporation irreparable harm, and the Corporation shall be entitled to equitable relief, including injunctive relief and specific performance, to enforce the foregoing provisions.

This exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.

* * * *

 

 

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FRONTIER GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.

CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT OF BYLAWS

 

 

 

The undersigned hereby certifies that he or she is the duly elected, qualified, and acting Secretary of Frontier Group Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and that the foregoing Bylaws, comprising 29 pages, were amended and restated on April 6, 2021 by the Corporation’s board of directors.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has hereunto set his or her hand this 6th day of April, 2021.

 

/s/ Howard M. Diamond

 

Howard M. Diamond

Secretary
EX-4.1

Exhibit 4.1

 

 

 

REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

BY AND BETWEEN

FRONTIER GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.

AND

INDIGO FRONTIER HOLDINGS COMPANY, LLC

APRIL 6, 2021

 

 

 

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

SECTION I.  

DEMAND REGISTRATIONS

     1  

1.1

 

Requests for Registration

     1  

1.2

 

Demand Notice

     1  

1.3

 

Demand Registration Expenses

     2  

1.4

 

Short-Form Registrations

     2  

1.5

 

Priority on Demand Registrations

     2  

1.6

 

Selection of Underwriters

     2  

1.7

 

Other Registration Rights

     2  
SECTION II.  

PIGGYBACK REGISTRATIONS.

     2  

2.1

 

Right to Piggyback

     2  

2.2

 

Piggyback Expenses

     3  

2.3

 

Priority on Primary Registrations

     3  

2.4

 

Priority on Secondary Registrations

     3  
SECTION III.  

REGISTRATION AND COORDINATION GENERALLY.

     3  

3.1

 

Registration Procedures

     3  

3.2

 

Registration Expenses

     7  

3.3

 

Participation in Underwritten Offerings

     7  

3.4

 

Company Holdback

     8  

3.5

 

Current Public Information

     8  

3.6

 

Shelf Take-Downs

     8  
SECTION IV.  

INDEMNIFICATION

     8  

4.1

 

Indemnification by the Company

     8  

4.2

 

Indemnification by the Stockholders

     9  

4.3

 

Procedure

     9  

4.4

 

Entry of Judgment; Settlement

     10  

4.5

 

Contribution

     10  

4.6

 

Other Rights

     10  
SECTION V.  

TERMINATION

     11  
SECTION VI.  

DEFINITIONS

     11  
SECTION VII.  

MISCELLANEOUS

     13  

7.1

 

No Inconsistent Agreements

     13  

7.2

 

Adjustments Affecting Registrable Securities

     13  

7.3

 

Amendment and Waiver

     13  

7.4

 

Successors and Assigns; Transferees

     13  

7.5

 

Severability

     14  

7.6

 

Counterparts

     14  

7.7

 

Descriptive Headings

     14  

7.8

 

Notices

     14  

7.9

 

Governing Law

     15  

7.10

 

Exercise of Rights and Remedies

     15  

 

 

i


REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

This Registration Rights Agreement (this “Agreement”) is made as of April 6, 2021, by and among Frontier Group Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), Indigo Frontier Holdings Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Sponsor”), and such other persons, if any, that from time to time become parties hereto pursuant to the terms hereof or who join this Agreement pursuant to a Joinder Agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit A (together, with the Sponsor, the “Stockholders”). This agreement shall become effective immediately prior to the consummation of the Initial Public Offering (such date, the “Effective Date”). Unless otherwise noted herein, capitalized terms used herein shall have the meanings set forth in Section 5.

RECITALS

A. Pursuant to that certain Subscription Agreement, dated as of December 3, 2013, by and between the Company, formerly known as Falcon Acquisition Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and the Sponsor, the Sponsor previously acquired 5,200,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (as adjusted for any stock splits, stock dividends, reclassifications, reorganizations or similar transactions since December 3, 2013, the “Shares”), of the Company (the “Subscription Agreement”).

B. As partial consideration for the investment by the Sponsor, pursuant to Section 5.1 of the Subscription Agreement, the Company agreed upon the request of the Sponsor to enter into a registration rights agreement with the Sponsor containing certain specified terms and conditions set forth therein and other terms and conditions customary for such agreements.

C. The parties hereto desire for the Company to provide the registration rights set out in this Agreement to the Sponsor in full and complete satisfaction of the Company’s obligations under Section 5.1 of the Subscription Agreement.

AGREEMENT

NOW, THEREFORE, the parties to this Agreement hereby agree as follows:

SECTION I. DEMAND REGISTRATIONS

1.1 Requests for Registration. Subject to the other provisions of this Section 1, the Sponsor may (on behalf of itself and any Affiliate), at any time, initiate up to eight (8) registrations of all or part of its Registrable Securities on Form S-1 or any similar or successor long-form registration (“Long-Form Registrations”) and, if available, an unlimited number of registrations of all or part of their Registrable Securities on Form S-3 or any similar or successor short-form registration (“Short-Form Registrations” and, collectively with any Long-Form Registration, the “Demand Registrations”).

1.2 Demand Notice. All requests for Demand Registrations shall be made by giving written notice to the Company (a “Demand Notice”). Each Demand Notice shall specify the approximate number of Registrable Securities requested to be registered. Within ten (10) days after receipt of any such Demand Notice, the Company will give written notice of such requested registration to all other Stockholders, if any, and, subject to Section 1.5, the Company will include in any such registration (and in all related registrations and qualifications under blue sky laws or in compliance with other registration requirements and in any related underwriting), all Registrable Securities with respect to which the Company has received written requests from such other Stockholders, if any, for inclusion therein within fifteen (15) days after the delivery of the Company’s notice.

 

1


1.3 Demand Registration Expenses. The Company will pay all Registration Expenses (as defined in Section 3.2) in connection with any registration initiated as a Demand Registration, whether or not it has become effective.

1.4 Short-Form Registrations. Demand Registrations will be Short-Form Registrations whenever the Company is permitted to use any applicable short-form (unless the managing underwriter(s) of such offering requests the Company to use a Long-Form Registration in order to sell all of the Registrable Securities requested to be sold). After the Company has become subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Company will use its reasonable best efforts to make Short-Form Registrations available for the sale of Registrable Securities. To the extent the Company is a well-known seasoned issuer (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) (a “WKSI”) at the time any Demand Notice for a Short Form Registration is submitted to the Company in accordance with Section 1.2, the Company will use its reasonable best efforts to (i) if so requested, file an automatic shelf registration statement (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) (an “automatic shelf registration statement”) to effect such registration, and (ii) remain a WKSI (and not become an ineligible issuer (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act)) during the period during which such automatic shelf registration statement is required to remain effective in accordance with this Agreement.

1.5 Priority on Demand Registrations. The Company shall not include in any Demand Registration any securities which are not Registrable Securities, other than securities of the Company to be offered by the Company solely for its own account (the “Company Offered Securities”), without the prior written consent of the Sponsor. If a Demand Registration is an underwritten offering and the managing underwriter(s) advises the Company in writing that in its opinion the number of Registrable Securities and, if permitted hereunder, other securities requested to be included in such offering exceeds the number of Registrable Securities and other securities, if any, which can be sold therein without adversely affecting the marketability of the offering, then the Company shall include in such registration, prior to the inclusion of any securities that are not Registrable Securities, other than Company Offered Securities, the number of Registrable Securities requested to be included in such offering that, in the opinion of such underwriter(s), can be sold without adversely affecting the marketability of the offering, pro rata among the respective holders thereof on the basis of the number of Registrable Securities owned by each such holder, and only after all such Registrable Securities are included in such offering, shall securities that are not Company Offered Securities or Registrable Securities, if any, be included in such offering.

1.6 Selection of Underwriters. The Sponsor shall have the right to select the underwriter or underwriters to administer the offering for any Demand Registration.

1.7 Other Registration Rights. The Company represents and warrants that it is not a party to, or otherwise subject to, any other agreement granting registration rights to any other Person with respect to any securities of the Company, other than this Agreement. Except as provided in this Agreement, for so long as any Registrable Securities are outstanding, the Company shall not grant to any Persons the right to request the Company to register any equity securities of the Company, or any securities convertible or exchangeable into or exercisable for such securities, without the approval of the Sponsor.

SECTION II. PIGGYBACK REGISTRATIONS.

2.1 Right to Piggyback.

(a) The Company will include in its Initial Public Offering all Registrable Securities held and requested by the Sponsor to be included in such registration (the “Initial Public Offering Piggyback Registration”).

 

2


(b) Following the Initial Public Offering, whenever the Company proposes to register any of its equity securities under the Securities Act, including any registration pursuant to Section 1.1 above (other in connection with registration on Form S-4 or Form S-8 or any successor or similar form) and the registration form to be used may be used for the registration of Registrable Securities (a “Non-Initial Public Offering Piggyback Registration”), the Company will give prompt written notice to all Stockholders of its intention to effect such a registration and, subject to Sections 2.3 and 2.4 below, will include in such registration all Registrable Securities held by any Stockholders upon notice from such Stockholder within fifteen (15) days after the delivery of the Company’s notice. Each such Company notice shall specify the approximate number of Company equity securities to be registered and the anticipated per share price range for such offering.

2.2 Piggyback Expenses. The Registration Expenses of the Stockholders will be paid by the Company in all Piggyback Registrations, whether or not any such registration becomes effective.

2.3 Priority on Primary Registrations. If a Piggyback Registration is an underwritten primary registration on behalf of the Company and the managing underwriter(s) advises the Company in writing (with a copy to each applicable Stockholder requesting registration of Registrable Securities) that in its opinion the number of securities requested to be included in such registration exceeds the number which can be sold in such offering without adversely affecting the marketability of such offering, the Company will include in such registration: (a) first, the securities the Company proposes to sell solely for its own account, (b) second, the Registrable Securities requested to be included in such registration, pro rata among the applicable holders of such Registrable Securities on the basis of the number of shares owned by each such holder, and (c) third, other securities requested to be included in such registration.

2.4 Priority on Secondary Registrations. If a Piggyback Registration is an underwritten secondary registration on behalf of holders of the Company’s securities (other than the Stockholders with respect to Registrable Securities), and the managing underwriter(s) advises the Company in writing that in its opinion the number of securities requested to be included in such registration exceeds the number which can be sold in such offering without adversely affecting the marketability of the offering, the Company will include in such registration: (a) first, the Registrable Securities requested to be included in such registration by the Stockholders, pro rata among the holders of such Registrable Securities on the basis of the number of Registrable Securities owned by each such holder, and (b) second, other such securities requested to be included in such registration.

SECTION III. REGISTRATION AND COORDINATION GENERALLY.

3.1 Registration Procedures. Whenever the Stockholders request that any Registrable Securities be registered pursuant to this Agreement, the Company will use its reasonable best efforts to effect the registration and the sale of such Registrable Securities in accordance with the intended method of disposition thereof and pursuant thereto the Company will as expeditiously as reasonably practicable:

(a) prepare and (within, in the case of a Long-Form Registration, forty-five (45) days, or, in the case of a Short-Form Registration, thirty (30) days, in each case, after the end of the period within which requests for inclusion in such registration may be given to the Company, if relevant) file with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement with respect to such Registrable Securities and thereafter use its reasonable best efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective (provided that before filing a registration statement or prospectus or any amendments or supplements thereto, the Company will furnish to the counsel selected by the Sponsor for any registration in which the Sponsor participates (or counsel selected by the Stockholders holding a majority of the Registrable Securities for which registration is sought, for any registration in which the Sponsor does not participate and in which the other Stockholders do participate), copies of all such documents proposed to be filed, which documents will be subject to review by such counsel);

 

3


(b) prepare and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission such amendments and supplements to such registration statement and the prospectus used in connection therewith as may be necessary (i) to keep such registration statement effective (A) for at least ninety (90) days (subject to extension pursuant to Section 3.3(b)) or until each Stockholder participating in such registration has completed the distribution described in the registration statement relating to such distribution, whichever occurs first or, if such registration statement relates to an underwritten offering, such longer period as in the opinion of counsel for the underwriters a prospectus is required by law to be delivered in connection with sales of Registrable Securities by an underwriter or dealer, or (B) in the case of a Shelf Registration, until the earlier of (1) the date on which all Registrable Securities have been sold under the Shelf Registration or otherwise no longer qualify as Registrable Securities and (2) the latest date allowed by applicable law, and (ii) to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act with respect to the disposition of all securities covered by such registration statement until such time as all of such securities have been disposed of in accordance with the intended methods of disposition by the seller or sellers thereof set forth in such registration statement;

(c) furnish to each Stockholder participating in such registration such number of copies of such registration statement, each amendment and supplement thereto, the prospectus included in such registration statement (including each preliminary prospectus) and such other documents as such Stockholder may reasonably request in order to facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Securities owned by such Stockholder;

(d) use its reasonable best efforts to register or qualify such Registrable Securities under such other securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdictions as any Stockholder participating in such registration reasonably requests and do any and all other acts and things which may be reasonably necessary or advisable to enable such Stockholder to consummate the disposition in such jurisdictions of the Registrable Securities owned by such Stockholder (provided that the Company will not be required to (i) qualify generally to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this subsection, (ii) subject itself to taxation in respect of doing business in any such jurisdiction or (iii) consent to general service of process in any such jurisdiction);

(e) promptly notify each Stockholder participating in such registration at any time when a prospectus relating thereto is required to be delivered under the Securities Act, upon discovery that, or upon the discovery of the happening of any event as a result of which, the prospectus included in such registration statement contains an untrue statement of a material fact or omits any fact necessary to make the statements therein not misleading in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, and, at the request of any Stockholder participating in such registration, the Company will prepare and furnish to such Stockholder a reasonable number of copies of a supplement or amendment to such prospectus so that, as thereafter delivered to the prospective purchasers of such Registrable Securities, such prospectus will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any fact necessary to make the statements therein not misleading in the light of the circumstances under which they were made;

(f) cause all such Registrable Securities to be listed on each securities exchange on which similar securities issued by the Company are then listed;

(g) provide a transfer agent and registrar for all such Registrable Securities not later than the effective date of such registration statement;

 

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(h) if at any time when the Company is required to re-evaluate its WKSI status for purposes of an automatic shelf registration statement used to effect a request for registration in accordance with Section 1.4 (i) the Company determines that it is not a WKSI, (ii) the registration statement is required to be kept effective in accordance with this Agreement, and (iii) the registration rights of the Stockholders hereunder have not terminated, promptly amend the registration statement onto a form the Company is then eligible to use or file a new registration statement on such form, and keep such registration statement effective in accordance with the requirements otherwise applicable under this Agreement;

(i) if (i) a Shelf Registration is required to be kept effective in accordance with this Agreement after the third anniversary of the initial effective date of the Shelf Registration, (ii) the registration rights of the Stockholders hereunder have not terminated and (iii) the Company is eligible at such time to file a Shelf Registration, file a new registration statement with respect to any unsold Registrable Securities subject to the original request for registration prior to the end of the three year period after the initial effective date of the Shelf Registration, and keep such registration statement effective in accordance with the requirements otherwise applicable under this Agreement;

(j) enter into such customary agreements (including underwriting agreements in customary form) and perform the Company’s obligations thereunder and take all such other actions as the Stockholders participating in such registration or the underwriters, if any, reasonably request in order to expedite or facilitate the disposition of such Registrable Securities (which might include effecting a stock split or a combination of shares);

(k) subject to reasonable confidentiality undertakings, make available for inspection by each Stockholder participating in such registration, any underwriter participating in any disposition pursuant to such registration statement and any attorney, accountant or other agent retained by such Stockholders or any such underwriter, all financial and other records, pertinent corporate documents and properties of the Company, and cause the Company’s officers, directors, employees and independent accountants to supply all information reasonably requested by any such Stockholder, underwriter, attorney, accountant or agent in connection with such registration statement, and to cooperate and participate as reasonably requested by any such seller in road show presentations, in the preparation of the registration statement, each amendment and supplement thereto, the prospectus included therein, and other activities as such Stockholder may reasonably request in order to facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Securities owned by such Stockholder;

(l) otherwise use its reasonable best efforts to comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and make available to its security holders, as soon as reasonably practicable, but not later than fifteen (15) months after the effective date of the registration statement, an earnings statement covering the period of at least twelve (12) months beginning with the first day of the Company’s first full calendar quarter after the effective date of the registration statement, which earnings statement shall satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 thereunder;

(m) in the event of the issuance of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of a registration statement, or of any order suspending or preventing the use of any related prospectus or suspending the qualification of any securities included in such registration statement for sale in any jurisdiction, the Company will use its reasonable best efforts promptly to obtain the withdrawal of such order;

 

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(n) obtain one or more comfort letters, dated the effective date of such registration statement (and, if such registration includes an underwritten public offering, also dated the date of the closing under the underwriting agreement) addressed to the Persons participating in such offering, signed by the Company’s independent public accountants in the then-current customary form and covering such matters of the type customarily covered from time to time by comfort letters as the Stockholders participating in such registration may reasonably request;

(o) provide one or more legal opinions of the Company’s outside counsel, dated the effective date of such registration statement (and, if such registration includes an underwritten public offering, dated the date of the closing under the underwriting agreement and addressed to the underwriters), with respect to the registration statement, each amendment and supplement thereto, the prospectus included therein (including the preliminary prospectus) and such other documents relating thereto in the then-current customary form and covering such matters of the type customarily covered from time to time by legal opinions of such nature (in a form reasonably acceptable to the Stockholders participating in such registration);

(p) cooperate with the Stockholders participating in such registration and the managing underwriter(s), if any, to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates (not bearing any restrictive legends) representing securities to be sold under the registration statement, and enable such securities to be in such denominations and registered in such names as the managing underwriter(s), if any, or the Sponsor may request;

(q) notify counsel for the Stockholders participating in such registration and the managing underwriter(s), immediately, and confirm the notice in writing (i) when the registration statement, or any post-effective amendment to the registration statement, shall have become effective, or any supplement to the prospectus or any amendment prospectus shall have been filed, (ii) of the receipt of any comments from the Securities and Exchange Commission, (iii) of any request of the Securities and Exchange Commission to amend the registration statement or amend or supplement the prospectus or for additional information, and (iv) of the issuance by the Securities and Exchange Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the registration statement or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus, or of the suspension of the qualification of the registration statement for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the institution or threatening of any proceedings for any of such purposes;

(r) use its reasonable best efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the registration statement or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus;

(s) if requested by the managing underwriter(s) or any Stockholder participating in such registration, promptly incorporate in a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment such information as the managing underwriter(s) or such Stockholder reasonably requests to be included therein, including, without limitation, with respect to the number of Registrable Securities being sold by such Stockholder to such underwriter or agent, the purchase price being paid therefor by such underwriter or agent and with respect to any other terms of the underwritten offering of the Registrable Securities to be sold in such offering; and make all required filings of such prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment as soon as practicable after being notified of the matters incorporated in such prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment; and

(t) cooperate with each Stockholder participating in such registration and each underwriter or agent participating in the disposition of such Registrable Securities and their respective counsel in connection with any filings required to be made with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.

 

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The Company may require each Stockholder participating in such registration to furnish the Company such information relating to the sale or registration of such securities regarding such Stockholder and the distribution of such securities as the Company hereunder may from time to time reasonably request in writing.

3.2 Registration Expenses.

(a) All expenses incident to the Company’s performance of or compliance with this Agreement, including, without limitation, all registration, qualification and filing fees, fees and expenses of compliance with securities or blue sky laws, printing expenses, transfer agent’s and registrar’s fees, cost of distributing prospectuses in preliminary and final form as well as supplements thereto and fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company and all independent certified public accountants, underwriters (excluding discounts and commissions) and other Persons retained by the Company (all such expenses, as well as any expenses identified in Section 3.2(b), being herein called “Registration Expenses”), will be paid by the Company in respect of each Demand Registration and each Piggyback Registration, whether or not it has become effective, including that the Company will pay its internal expenses (including, without limitation, all salaries and expenses of its officers and employees performing legal or accounting duties), the expense of any annual audit or quarterly review, the expense of any liability insurance and the expenses and fees for listing the securities to be registered on each securities exchange on which similar securities issued by the Company are then listed; provided, that all underwriting discounts and commissions and transfer taxes, if any, attributable to the sale of equity securities of the Company shall not be included as Registration Expenses and shall be borne by the applicable seller of such equity securities of the Company.

(b) In connection with each Demand Registration and each Piggyback Registration, whether or not it has become effective, the Company will pay, and reimburse the Stockholders for the payment of, the reasonable fees and disbursements of one counsel selected by the Sponsor (or counsel selected by the Stockholders holding a majority of the Registrable Securities for which registration is sought, for any registration in which the Sponsor does not participate and in which the other Stockholders do participate), and such expenses shall be considered Registration Expenses hereunder.

3.3 Participation in Underwritten Offerings.

(a) No Stockholder may participate in any registration hereunder which is underwritten unless such Stockholder (i) agrees to sell its securities on the basis provided in any underwriting arrangements approved by the Sponsor (or the Stockholders holding a majority of the Registrable Securities for which registration is sought, for any registration in which the Sponsor does not participate and in which the other Stockholders do participate) including, without limitation, pursuant to the terms of any over-allotment or “green shoe” option requested by the managing underwriter(s), provided that such Stockholder will not be required to sell more than the number of Registrable Securities that such Stockholder has requested the Company to include in any registration, and (ii) completes and executes all questionnaires, powers of attorney, indemnities, underwriting agreements and other documents reasonably required under the terms of such underwriting arrangements.

(b) Each Stockholder agrees that, upon receipt of any notice from the Company of the happening of any event of the kind described in Section 3.1(e) above, such Stockholder will forthwith discontinue the disposition of its Registrable Securities pursuant to the registration statement until such Stockholder’s receipt of the copies of a supplemented or amended prospectus as contemplated by such Section 3.1(e). In the event the Company shall give any such notice, the applicable time period mentioned in Section 3.1(b) during which a Registration Statement is to remain effective shall be extended by the number of days during the period from and including the date of the giving of such notice pursuant to this paragraph to and including the date when such Stockholder shall have received the copies of the supplemented or amended prospectus contemplated by Section 3.1(e).

 

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3.4 Company Holdback. The Company shall not effect any public sale or distribution of its equity securities, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for such securities, with respect to any other underwritten Demand Registration or any underwritten Piggyback Registration in which Registrable Securities are included, during the seven (7) days prior to and the ninety (90)-day period beginning on the effective date of such registration, and (c) upon notice from the Sponsor that the Stockholders intend to effect an underwritten distribution of Registrable Securities pursuant to a Shelf Registration, the seven (7) days prior to and the ninety (90)-day period beginning on the date of the commencement of such distribution, in each case except as part of such underwritten registration or pursuant to registrations on Form S-4 or Form S-8, and in each case unless the managing underwriter(s) otherwise agrees.

3.5 Current Public Information. At all times after the Company has filed a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the requirements of either the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, the Company will use its reasonable best efforts to timely file all reports required to be filed by it under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder, and will take such further action as any holder or holders of Registrable Securities may reasonably request, all to the extent required to enable such holders to sell Registrable Securities pursuant to Rule 144.

3.6 Shelf Take-Downs. At any time that a Shelf Registration is effective, if a Stockholder delivers a notice to the Company (a “Take-Down Notice”) stating that it intends to effect an offering of all or part of its Registrable Securities included by it on the Shelf Registration, whether such offering is underwritten or non-underwritten (a “Shelf Offering”) and stating the number of the Registrable Securities to be included in the Shelf Offering, then, the Company shall amend or supplement the Shelf Registration as may be necessary in order to enable such Registrable Securities to be distributed pursuant to the Shelf Offering. In connection with any Shelf Offering, in the event that the managing underwriter(s), if any, advises the Company in writing that in its opinion the number of Registrable Securities to be included in such Shelf Offering exceeds the number of Registrable Securities which can be sold therein without adversely affecting the marketability of the offering, such managing underwriter(s), if any, may limit the number of shares which would otherwise be included in such Shelf Offering in the same manner as is described in Section 1.5.

SECTION IV. INDEMNIFICATION.

4.1 Indemnification by the Company. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by law, each Stockholder and, as applicable, its officers, directors, trustees, employees, stockholders, holders of beneficial interests, members, and general and limited partners (collectively, such Stockholder’s “Indemnitees”) and each Person who controls such Stockholder (within the meaning of the Securities Act) against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, joint or several, to which such Stockholder or any such Indemnitee may become subject under the Securities Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions or proceedings, whether commenced or threatened, in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon (a) any untrue or alleged untrue statement of material fact contained in any registration statement, prospectus or preliminary prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, together with any documents incorporated therein by reference or, (b) any omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and the Company will reimburse such Stockholder and each of its Indemnitees for any legal or any other expenses, including any amounts paid in any settlement effected with the consent of the Company, which consent will not be unreasonably

 

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withheld or delayed, incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such loss, claim, liability, action or proceeding; provided, however, that the Company shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage, liability (or action or proceeding in respect thereof) or expense arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement, or omission or alleged omission, made in such registration statement, any such prospectus or preliminary prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, or in any application, in reliance upon, and in conformity with, written information prepared and furnished to the Company by such Stockholder expressly for use therein. In connection with an underwritten offering, the Company will indemnify such underwriters, their officers and directors and each Person who controls such underwriters (within the meaning of the Securities Act) to the same extent as provided above with respect to the indemnification of such Stockholder.

4.2 Indemnification by the Stockholders. In connection with any registration statement in which a Stockholder is participating, each such Stockholder will furnish to the Company in writing such information and affidavits as the Company reasonably requests for use in connection with any such registration statement or prospectus and, to the extent permitted by law, will indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its Indemnitees against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities, joint or several, to which the Company or any such Indemnitee may become subject under the Securities Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions or proceedings, whether commenced or threatened, in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon (a) any untrue or alleged untrue statement of material fact contained in the registration statement, prospectus or preliminary prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto or in any application, together with any documents incorporated therein by reference or (b) any omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, but only to the extent that such untrue statement (or alleged untrue statement) or omission (or alleged omission) is made in such registration statement, any such prospectus or preliminary prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, or in any application, in reliance upon and in conformity with written information prepared and furnished to the Company by such Stockholder expressly for use therein, and such Stockholder will reimburse the Company and each such Indemnitee for any legal or any other expenses including any amounts paid in any settlement effected with the consent of such Stockholder, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such loss, claim, liability, action or proceeding; provided, however, that the obligation to indemnify will be individual (and not joint and several) to each Stockholder and will be limited to the net amount of proceeds received by such Stockholder from the sale of Registrable Securities pursuant to such registration statement, less any other amounts paid by such Stockholder in respect of such untrue statement, alleged untrue statement, omission or alleged omission.

4.3 Procedure. Any Person entitled to indemnification hereunder will (a) give prompt written notice to the indemnifying party of any claim with respect to which it seeks indemnification (provided, however, that the failure of any indemnified party to give such notice shall not relieve the indemnifying party of its obligations hereunder, except to the extent that the indemnifying party is actually prejudiced by such failure to give such notice), and (b) unless in such indemnified party’s reasonable judgment a conflict of interest between such indemnified and indemnifying parties may exist with respect to such claim, permit such indemnifying party to assume the defense of such claim with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party. If such defense is assumed, the indemnifying party will not be subject to any liability for any settlement made by the indemnified party without its consent (but such consent will not be unreasonably withheld). An indemnifying party who is not entitled to, or elects not to, assume the defense of a claim will not be obligated to pay the fees and expenses of more than one counsel for all parties indemnified by such indemnifying party with respect to such claim, unless in the reasonable judgment of any indemnified party a conflict of interest may exist between such indemnified party and any other of such indemnified parties with respect to such claim.

 

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4.4 Entry of Judgment; Settlement. The indemnifying party shall not, except with the approval of each indemnified party, consent to entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement which does not include as an unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to each indemnified party of a release from all liability in respect to such claim or litigation without any payment or consideration provided by such indemnified party.

4.5 Contribution. If the indemnification provided for in this Section 4 is, other than expressly pursuant to its terms, unavailable to or is insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under the provisions above in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (a) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and each Stockholder and any other sellers participating in the registration on the other hand from the sale of Registrable Securities pursuant to the registered offering of securities as to which indemnity is sought or (b) if the allocation provided by clause (a) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits referred to in clause (a) above but also the relative fault of the Company on the one hand and of the Stockholders and any other sellers participating in the registration on the other hand in connection with the statement or omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Stockholders and any other sellers participating in the registration on the other hand shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the offering (before deducting expenses) to the Company bear to the total net proceeds from the offering (before deducting expenses) to the Stockholders and any other sellers participating in the registration. The relative fault of the Company on the one hand and of the Stockholders and any other sellers participating in the registration on the other hand shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged statement or omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or by the Stockholders or other sellers participating in the registration and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.

The Company and the Stockholders participating in the registration agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 4 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Stockholders participating in the registration were treated as one entity for such purposes) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages and liabilities referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 4, no Stockholder participating in the registration shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the net proceeds received by such Stockholder from the sale of Registrable Securities covered by the relevant registration statement filed pursuant hereto, less any other amounts paid by such Stockholder in respect of such untrue statement, alleged untrue statement, omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.

4.6 Other Rights. The indemnification and contribution by any such party provided for under this Agreement shall be in addition to any other rights to indemnification or contribution which any indemnified party may have pursuant to law or contract and will remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made or omitted by or on behalf of the indemnified party or any officer, director or controlling Person of such indemnified party and will survive the transfer of securities.

 

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SECTION V. TERMINATION.

The rights of the Sponsor or any other Stockholders, as the case may be, to request registration or inclusion of Registrable Securities in any registration pursuant to Sections I and II shall terminate upon the earlier to occur of:

(a) such time as Rule 144 or another similar exemption under the Securities Act is available for the sale of all of the Stockholder’s shares without volume or other limitation during a three-month period without registration; and

(b) the tenth anniversary of the Initial Public Offering.

SECTION VI. DEFINITIONS.

“Affiliate” shall mean, with respect to any Person, (a) any other Person which directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, such specified Person; provided, however, that neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries shall be deemed an Affiliate of the any of the Stockholders (and vice versa), and (b) if such specified Person is a private equity investment fund, any other private equity investment fund the primary investment advisor to which is the primary investment advisor to such specified Person or an Affiliate thereof.

“Agreement” has the meaning provided in the introduction.

“automatic shelf registration statement” has the meaning provided in Section 1.4.

“Board” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company.

“Company” has the meaning provided in the introduction.

“Company Offered Securities” has the meaning provided in Section 1.5.

“Demand Notice” has the meaning provided in Section 1.2.

“Demand Registrations” shall mean Long-Form Registrations and Short-Form Registrations requested pursuant to Section 1.1.

“Discriminate” shall mean, with respect to a specified Person, to change the rights of such specified Person as compared to other applicable Persons in a manner that is, or is reasonably expected to be, materially and adversely different than the changes to the rights of the other applicable Persons.

“Effective Date” has the meaning provided in the introduction.

“Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time, or any successor federal law then in force.

“Indemnitees” has the meaning provided in Section 4.1.

“Initial Public Offering” shall mean the initial underwritten Public Offering registered on Form S-1 (or any successor form under the Securities Act).

“Long-Form Registrations” has the meaning provided in Section 1.1.

 

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“Person” shall mean any individual, partnership, corporation, company, association, trust, joint venture, limited liability company, unincorporated organization, entity or division, or any government, governmental department or agency or political subdivision thereof.

“Piggyback Registration” shall mean any Initial Public Offering Registration and/or any Non-Initial Public Offering Registration.

“Public Offering” shall mean a public offering and sale of Common Stock for cash pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act.

“Registrable Securities” shall mean (a) the Shares, and (b) any common equity securities issued or issuable directly or indirectly with respect to any of the foregoing securities referred to in clause (a) by way of stock splits, stock dividends, reclassifications, reorganizations or similar transactions. As to any particular shares constituting Registrable Securities, such shares will cease to be Registrable Securities when they have been (x) effectively registered under the Securities Act and disposed of in accordance with the registration statement covering them, or (y) sold to the public pursuant to Securities Act Rule 144 or sold in a block sale to a financial institution in the ordinary course of its trading business, in each case in compliance with this Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, a Person will be deemed to be a holder of Registrable Securities whenever such Person has the right to acquire directly or indirectly such Registrable Securities (upon conversion or exercise in connection with a transfer of securities or otherwise, but disregarding any restrictions or limitations upon the exercise of such right), whether or not such acquisition has actually been effected.

“Registration Expenses” has the meaning provided in Section 3.2.

“Rule 144” shall mean Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 144 under the Securities Act, as Rule 144 may be amended from time to time, or any similar successor rule that may be issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Securities Act” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933 and the rules promulgated thereunder, in each case as amended from time to time.

“Securities and Exchange Commission” includes any governmental body or agency succeeding to the functions thereof.

“Shares” has the meaning provided in the recitals.

“Shelf Offering” has the meaning provided in Section 3.6.

“Shelf Registration” shall mean the filing of a Short-Form Registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission in accordance with and pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act (or any successor rule then in effect).

“Short-Form Registrations” has the meaning provided in Section 1.1.

“Sponsor” has the meaning provided in the introduction.

“Stock” shall mean the capital stock of the Company. For clarification purposes, as of the Effective Date, the Common Stock constitutes all of the Company’s issued and outstanding capital stock.

“Stockholders” has the meaning provided in the introduction.

 

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“Subscription Agreement” has the meaning provided in the recitals.

“Take-Down Notice” has the meaning provided in Section 3.6.

“Transfer” shall mean any sale, pledge, assignment, encumbrance or other transfer or disposition of any Registrable Securities (or any voting or economic interest therein) to any other Person, whether directly, indirectly, voluntarily, involuntarily, by operation of law, pursuant to judicial process or otherwise.

“WKSI” has the meaning provided in Section 1.4.

SECTION VII. MISCELLANEOUS.

7.1 No Inconsistent Agreements. The Company will not hereafter enter into any agreement with respect to its securities which is inconsistent with or violates the rights granted to the Stockholders in this Agreement.

7.2 Adjustments Affecting Registrable Securities. The Company will not take any action, or permit any change to occur, with respect to its securities which would materially and adversely affect the ability of the Stockholders to include its Registrable Securities in a registration undertaken pursuant to this Agreement (including, without limitation, effecting a stock split, stock dividend, reclassification, reorganization or similar transaction). If the Company or any Affiliate creates a new holding company (“Holdco”) or otherwise engages in any reorganization of any kind, the result of which is that the stockholders of the Company immediately before such event become all the stockholders of Holdco or such other successor entity, then in each instance the provisions of this Agreement will, in addition to applying to the Company, also apply to Holdco or such other successor entity in the same manner as if Holdco or such other successor entity were substituted for the Company throughout this Agreement.

7.3 Amendment and Waiver. This Agreement may be amended, modified, extended, terminated or waived (an “Amendment”), and the provisions hereof may be waived, only by an agreement in writing signed by the Company and the Sponsor. Each such Amendment shall be binding upon each party hereto. In addition, each party hereto and each Stockholder subject hereto may waive any right hereunder, as to itself, by an instrument in writing signed by such party. The failure of any party to enforce any provisions of this Agreement shall in no way be construed as a waiver of such provisions and shall not affect the right of such party thereafter to enforce each and every provision of this Agreement in accordance with its terms. To the extent the Amendment of any Section of this Agreement would require a specific consent pursuant to this Section 7.3, any Amendment to the definitions used in such Section as applied to such Section shall also require the same specified consent.

7.4 Successors and Assigns; Transferees. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns. Registrable Securities shall continue to be Registrable Securities after any Transfer pursuant to which the transferee is deemed to hold “restricted securities” as such term is defined in Rule 144(a)(3); provided, however, that Registrable Securities shall not continue to be Registrable Securities if such securities were effectively registered under the Securities Act and disposed of in accordance with the registration statement covering them. Any transferee receiving shares of Registrable Securities in a Transfer shall become a Stockholder party to this Agreement and subject to the terms and conditions of, and be entitled to enforce, this Agreement to the same extent, and in the same capacity, as the Person that Transfers such shares to such transferee. If the Sponsor Transfers 100% of its Registrable Securities, the term “Sponsor” hereunder shall be deemed to include all Stockholders, if any, and any exercise of rights by the Stockholders in such capacity shall be determined by Stockholders holding a majority of Registrable

 

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Securities then outstanding. Prior to the Transfer of any Registrable Securities to any transferee, and as a condition thereto, each Stockholder effecting such Transfer shall cause such transferee to deliver to the Company a joinder agreement, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

7.5 Severability. Whenever possible, each provision of this Agreement shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law or rule in any jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision or the effectiveness or validity of any provision in any other jurisdiction, and this Agreement shall be reformed, construed and enforced in such jurisdiction as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein.

7.6 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in separate counterparts (including by means of facsimile or electronic transmission in portable document format (pdf)), each of which shall be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same Agreement.

7.7 Descriptive Headings. The descriptive headings of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and do not constitute a part of this Agreement.

7.8 Notices. Any notices and other communications required or permitted in this Agreement shall be effective if in writing and (a) delivered personally, (b) sent by facsimile or electronic transmission, or (c) sent by overnight courier, in each case, addressed as follows:

If to the Company, to:

Frontier Group Holdings, Inc.

4545 Airport Way

Denver, CO 80239

Attn: General Counsel

If to the Sponsor, to:

Indigo Frontier Holdings, LLC

C.O. Indigo Partners

2525 East Camelback Road, Suite 900

Phoenix, AZ 85016

Attn: William A. Franke

Facsimile: (602) 224-1555

If to any other Stockholder, to it at the address set forth on Schedule I, or if not set forth thereon, in the records of the Company.

Notice to the holder of record of any shares of capital stock shall be deemed to be notice to the holder of such shares for all purposes hereof.

Unless otherwise specified herein, such notices or other communications shall be deemed effective (x) on the date received, if personally delivered, (y) on the date received if delivered by facsimile or electronic transmission on a business day, or if not delivered on a business day, on the first business day thereafter and (z) two (2) business days after being sent by overnight courier. Each of the parties hereto shall be entitled to specify a different address by giving notice as aforesaid to each of the other parties hereto.

 

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7.9 Governing Law. This Agreement and all claims arising out of or based upon this Agreement or relating to the subject matter hereof shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the domestic substantive laws of the State of Delaware without giving effect to any choice or conflict of laws provision or rule that would cause the application of the domestic substantive laws of any other jurisdiction.

7.10 Exercise of Rights and Remedies. No delay of or omission in the exercise of any right, power or remedy accruing to any party as a result of any breach or default by any other party under this Agreement shall impair any such right, power or remedy, nor shall it be construed as a waiver of or acquiescence in any such breach or default, or of any similar breach or default occurring later; nor shall any such delay, omission nor waiver of any single breach or default be deemed a waiver of any other breach or default occurring before or after that waiver.

(SIGNATURE PAGES FOLLOW)

 

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Registration Rights Agreement on the day and year first above written.

 

FRONTIER GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
By:  

/s/ Barry Biffle

Name:   Barry Biffle
Title:   President and Chief Executive Officer

[Signature page to Registration Rights Agreement]


SPONSOR

 

INDIGO FRONTIER HOLDINGS COMPANY, LLC

 

By: Indigo Denver Management Company, LLC

 

/s/ William A. Franke

By:   William A. Franke
Its:   Sole Member


Schedule I

Indigo Frontier Holdings Company, LLC

c/o Indigo Partners

2525 East Camelback Road

Suite 900

Phoenix, Arizona 85016

Attention: William A. Franke

Facsimile: (602) 224-1555


Exhibit A

Joinder Agreement to Registration Rights Agreement

The undersigned hereby agrees, effective as of the date hereof, to be a party to the Registration Rights Agreement (the “Agreement”) dated as of                                         , 2021 by and among Frontier Group Holdings, Inc. and the other parties thereto and for all purposes of the Agreement, the undersigned shall be included with the term “Stockholder” (as defined in the Agreement). The address to which notices may be sent to the undersigned is as follows:

 

Notice Address:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[NAME OF UNDERSIGNED]